Does the Moon Have an Atmosphere?
In this section we are going to explore this possibility. John Lear has often said and maintains the belief that there is a thin, but tangeble atmosphere on the Lunar surface that is possible to breath for short periods. Though this may be impossible to prove, or believe for some, we shall attempt to gather evidence with this in mind. At the end it is up to the reader to draw their own conclusions...
This idea is not new to John... because in the 1800's several people had already assumed this and John has covered that in his "Civilization on the Moon" thread. I will touch on that here as well
According to NASA....
Lunar Atmosphere Data Sheet
Diurnal temperature range: >100 K to <400 K (roughly -250 F to +250 F)
Total mass of atmosphere: ~25,000 kg
Surface pressure (night): 3 x 10-15 bar (2 x 10-12 torr)
Abundance at surface: 2 x 105 particles/cm3
Estimated Composition (particles per cubic cm):
Helium 4 (4He) - 40,000 ; Neon 20 (20Ne) - 40,000 ; Hydrogen (H2) - 35,000
Argon 40 (40Ar) - 30,000 ; Neon 22 (22Ne) - 5,000 ; Argon 36 (36Ar) - 2,000
Methane - 1000 ; Ammonia - 1000 ; Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 1000
Trace Oxygen (O+), Aluminum (Al+), Silicon (Si+)
Possible Phosphorus (P+), Sodium (Na+), Magnesium (Mg+)
Composition of the tenuous lunar atmosphere is poorly known and variable, these are estimates of the upper limits of the nighttime ambient atmosphere composition. Daytime levels were difficult to measure due to heating and outgassing of Apollo surface experiments.
SOURCE: NASA Lunar Fact Sheet (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html)
So Right from the start we get that cleared up and can see that YES there is an atmosphere, albeit tenuous according to NASA's data.
Cloud Above the Crater AlphonsusExcerpt
QuoteFor years scientists believed there was no trace of gas or an atmosphere on the moon. Now there is some evidence of an atmosphere, though it may be almost too thin to measure. During an occultation of the Crab nebula, astronomers using a radio telescope at Cambridge University detected a slight bending of the rays of the nebula. This deflection could have been due to a thin lunar atmosphere.
In 1956 observers reported what appeared to be a cloud above the crater Alphonsus. In 1958 a Soviet astronomer, Nikolai A. Kozyrev, announced an apparent eruption from the crater. He took spectrograms, which indicated the presence of rarefied gases. His findings caused a revival of debates on the volcanic versus the meteoric origin of moon craters. Many scientists believed that Kozyrev had seen not a true volcanic eruption but a puff of gas and dust from below the surface, probably caused by heat. Some small craters within Alphonsus have "black halos" believed to be deposits of material that have filled the rills along which they are located.
Source Encyclopedia Britanica - Article-204895 (http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-204895)UPDATEThis reference is no longer at that link...
Using the Wayback Machine of Archives on that url (http://web.archive.org/web/20071231091315rn_1/student.britannica.com/comptons/article-204895/moon) gets me this...
We're sorry, access to http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-204895/moon has been blocked by the site owner via robots.txt.
Lunar Weather Report: 1946Clear today, no chance of rain or lightning storms..... (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon2/Storm01_1.jpg)
LICKOBS9 Extreme weather warning... Hurricane Endymion moving in... (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon2/Storm01_2.jpg)
LICKOBSA Lick Observatory, 1946 January 17d 07h 51m UTThe two images above are clips from two Lick Observatory photographs taken days apart in 1946. The large black crater is Endymion... the clips are located at the 1 O'Clock position on the original images which are available below. As you can see the second image is obscured by a cloud of some form, that covers a large area
Atmosphere: Extensive and of High Scientific InterestQuoteThough the Moon is surrounded by a vacuum higher than is usually created in laboratories on Earth, its atmosphere is extensive and of high scientific interest. During the two-week daytime period, atoms and molecules are ejected by a variety of processes from the lunar surface, ionized by the solar wind, and then driven by electromagnetic effects as a collisionless plasma. The position of the Moon in its orbit determines the behaviour of the atmosphere...
In addition to the near-surface gases and the extensive sodium-potassium cloud detected around the Moon (see the section Effects of impacts and volcanism below), a small amount of dust circulates within a few metres of the lunar surface. This is believed to be suspended electrostatically...
Source Encyclopedia Britanica - Article-54205 (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/391266/Moon)Plume of Vapor or Dust (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon2/Clouds_01.jpg)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon2/Cloud02.jpg)
This "small" Plume or Cloud is very interesting as it clearly shows billowing cloud like effect and seems to be rising from the surface. This is made evident by the "topping off" effect. Is this caused by reaching the upper limit of the atmosphere? A jet stream like effect? A lunar wind? There is no absolute way to know at this time, but the cloud speaks for itself
Is the Moon Still Alive?QuoteNasa Science News Nov. 9, 2006:
Conventional wisdom says the Moon is dead. Conventional wisdom may be wrong.
The site is a strange-looking geological feature named "Ina" in Lacus Felicitatis, a lake of ancient, hardened lava located at lunar coordinates 19o N, 5o E. "Ina was first noticed by Apollo astronauts," says Schultz. Pictured below, "it's shaped like a letter D about two kilometers wide."
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon4/Ina_med.jpg)
Evidence about Ina points to recent activity:
QuoteIna is bright and has odd colors. Rocks and dirt on the surface of the Moon grow darker as time passes. The darkening agent is space weather: a nonstop rain of cosmic rays, solar radiation and meteoroids hit the Moon and darken the ground. (The mechanisms are too detailed to discuss here, but the effect is mostly uncontroversial.) Ina, however, is bright, as if fresh dirt has been overturned and newly exposed. Furthermore, the colors of Ina, measured by a spectrometer on the Clementine spacecraft, are similar to the colors of the Moon's youngest craters. Yet Ina is not an impact crater.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon4/Ina_colors.jpg)
A false-color composite photo of Ina and a nearby young crater. Blue denotes freshly exposed titanium basalts, while green traces immature (relatively unweathered) soils.QuoteIt all adds up to outgassing: "We believe there has been a rapid release of gasses, blowing off surface deposits and exposing less weathered materials," explains Schultz. This is not necessarily a sign of active volcanism. "The appearance of the surface at Ina does not indicate an explosive release of magma, which would create visible rays of ejecta surrounding a central crater." Instead, the gasses may have been trapped below ground for millions or billions of years and released by, say, a recent moonquake. This interpretation is appealing because Ina is located at the intersection of two linear valleys or rilles -- like many geologically active areas on Earth.
"Over the years," he adds, "amateur astronomers have reported puffs or flashes of light coming from the Moon's surface." While many professional astronomers insisted the moon was inactive, the amateur sightings kept open a window of doubt.
SOURCE: NASA News Nov 9, 2006 (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/09nov_moonalive/)
Transient PhenomenaSnippits...
Blasts of gas from deep beneath the lunar surface are giving the Moon a surprisingly fresh-faced look, suggests a new study...
While the current study did not search for gas emissions, NASA's recent Lunar Prospector mission did find small amounts of radon and polonium gas on the Moon's surface. These are thought to accompany larger volumes of other gases, such as carbon dioxide, that are often associated with volcanic activity...
If the gas turns out to contain hydrogen, methane or water vapour, she says it could be used for fuel or drinking water on future lunar bases... QuoteTo date, the closest researchers have come to examining intact lunar bedrock was in 1972, when members of NASA's Apollo 17 mission drilled less than 3 metres into the dense soil. The fresh-looking features could provide direct access to the otherwise buried rock layers because the gas is thought to have cleared away between 3 to 5 metres of lunar soil in a depression that already had a thin layer of soil.
"Understanding this interface between lunar soil and bedrock will be important for mining and habitation if we ever get to that point," Taylor says.
The findings could also explain mysterious changes in the brightness and colour of patches of the lunar surface that have been observed for centuries.
Outgassing could cause some of these so-called "transient lunar phenomena", say the researchers. But they add that falling rocks and debris and impacts from space rocks could also account for some of the observations.
Until the bare spots are investigated further, their discovery seems to raise more questions than answers. "It makes us wonder what our nearest neighbour is all about and what other secrets are waiting to be discovered," Pieters says.
SOURCE: New Scientist news service 08 November 2006 (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10488)
Russian Scientist says Planets' Atmospheres are Changing
Earth's moon is growing an atmosphere Also, the moon is growing an atmosphere that's made up of a compound Dmitriev refers to as ''Natrium.'' Dmitriev says that, around the moon, there is this 6,000- kilometre- deep layer of Natrium that wasn't there before. And we're having this kind of change in Earth's atmosphere in the upper levels, where HO gas is forming that wasn't there before; it simply did not exist in the quantity that it does now. It's not related to global warming and it's not related to CFCs or fluorocarbon emissions or any of that stuff. It's just showing up.
SOURCE
RUSSIAN SCIENTIST SAYS THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS MOVING INTO A NEW ENERGY "ZONE" THAT IS TRANSFORMING THE MAGNETIC FIELDS OF THE PLANETS. - Wayback Machine Archives (http://web.archive.org/web/20050205121417/http://www.crawford2000.co.uk/planetchange1.htm)
Moon's Extended Sodium Atmosphere (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon4/Sodium_01.jpg)
The outer limits of the lunar sodium exosphere.QuoteA new wide-angle coronagraphic-type imaging system used for the lunar eclipse of 16 July 2000 resulted in detections of the lunar sodium exosphere out to 20 lunar radii, approximately twice the size recorded with narrower fields of view during previous eclipses.
SOURCE: Boston University (http://sirius.bu.edu/planetary/moon.html)
The outer limits of the lunar sodium exosphere (http://web.archive.org/web/20060902141608/http://sirius.bu.edu/aeronomy/2003gl017443outerlimits.pdf) - [PDF][Archived][/b][/color]
The Corona Effect - Dust on the Horizon
(http://www.solarspace.co.uk/PlanetPics/Moon/moonandvenus.jpg)
Moon and Venus - Courtesy of NASA/JPL
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/moonandvenussmall.jpg)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/lba0015v.gif)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/lba5905z_a.gif)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/lba5905z.gif)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/streamer.gif)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/sideorb.gif)
The above photos were taken by the NAVY Clementine satellite
CLEMENTINE LIMB GLOW SHOTS
SEARCH FOR HORIZON DUST
BY DAVID O. DARLINGQuoteThe following four photographs were taken by Clementine Star Tracker camera. The spacecraft was located on the shadowed side of the lunar disk and was able to take some amazing shots of the Solar Corona. None of these photographs give any indication limb glow due to dust illumination. The overpowering brightness of the Solar Corona flood the picture obliterating any faint illuminations that may be visible.
Depending on what Clementine images you view, you can see dust streamers extending off the limb of the Moon. The images displayed show this phenomena, The other group of shots that show the same lunar limb but is over powered by the intense brightness of the solar corona. See Corona. Other examples of the limb glows or horizon glows can be found at these two sites: Dust and Zodiacal lights (see below)
Close examination of the photograph below give strong indications of dust along the lunar limb. You can see along the entire edge of the disk regions that appearance knotted and swirled faint luminescence.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/LBA5881Z.gif)
LBA5881Z Clementine Star Tracker Camera (N.A.S.A.)QuoteThis photograph continued decline of solar illumination but you can still see the faint glowing cloud along the entire edge of the lunar disk.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/LBA5883Z.gif)
LBA5883Z Clementine Star Tracker Camera (N.A.S.A.)QuoteWith this photograph you can still see that the illumination along the lunar disk still remain in an illuminated state. The glowing area is most prominent along the mid section of the lunar limb.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/LBA5884Z.gif)
LBA5884Z Clementine Star Tracker Camera (N.A.S.A.)QuoteThe final photograph shows that the illumination along the limb continues to glow faintly along the entire lunar limb.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/LBA5885Z.gif)
LBA5885Z Clementine Star Tracker Camera (N.A.S.A.)Quote"This Startracker image shows the Moon eclipsing the Sun. The bright crescent Earth is partially visible at left, saturating the sensor. The image was captured during orbit 164, on March 26, 1994, halfway through Moon mapping at a distance of 3500 km."
This image of the Moon's limb very well defined but again it is over saturated by the intensity of the solar corona.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/in_sta552.gif)
STA 552 Clementine Image (N.A.S.A.)(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/in_moonglow.JPG)
This pre sunrise Startracker image shows the solar corona, stars in the background, and the terminator between the dark side of the Moon and the area on the right, which is illuminated by light reflected from the Earth.(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/in_moonter4.JPG)
Startracker image showing earthshine portion of Moon with planet Venus at top of picture. The solar corona and solar spike is very evident in this shot.(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/in_venusbw5.JPG)
The color-enhanced image of Venus, the solar corona, and the Moon was acquired by the Startracker. The terminator between the dark side of the Moon and the Earth-lit side can be seen also.
Clouds In Crater - Apollo Image
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/Clouds_02.png)
Apollo 8 ~ AS8-13-2225
Full Size AS8-13-2225 (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/AS8_13_2225/Clouds_01.png)
View of Goclenius and other craters.
December 24, 1968
Just another typical morning on the Lunar Surface.... Sun coming up burning off the morning mist... I wonder what's hiding beneath those clouds...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/AS8_13_2225/AS8_13_2225_sm.jpg) (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/AS8_13_2225/AS8_13_2225.jpg)
Image Credit: NASA Click for larger image
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/AS8_13_2225/Clouds_01b.png)
Areas of Interest
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/AS8_13_2225/2225a.png)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/AS8_13_2225/AS8_13_2225_clip.jpg)
Impact Dust Cloud
Smart 1 Impact Raises Dust Plume Recently the ESA Lunar Probe Smart 1 impacted on the Lunar surface, raising a plume of dust high into the atmosphere... Atmosphere?
The event was captured on film by several sources and does indeed clearly show a plume of dust, and both NASA and ESA call it a "plume", despite what we have been told about the density of the atmosphere. {Note: NASA has NEVER stated that there is NO atmosphere}
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Smart_1/lunarplume.jpg) (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Smart_1/mosaic_H.gif)
Courtesy of ESA/CFHT. (Click on image for hires version) ID number: SEM3353VRRE This mosaic was built with infrared images taken by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) 3 September 2006, and shows the flash and the dust cloud that followed the SMART-1 impact. The 15 exposures that make up the mosaic start with the one taken at the time of the flash.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Smart_1/mosaic_animation_L,0.gif)
Quote"Analysis of images obtained at the CFHT by Christian Veillet have revealed a plume of debris thrown up when SMART-1 impacted the lunar surface."
Image Source: ESA (http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=39968)SMART-1 Impact Flash And Debris:
Crash Scene Investigation On The Moon (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Smart_1/lunarplume2.jpg)
Image Credit: ESAQuoteWhat happened? Dust after the flash
To determine what part of the flash comes from the lunar rock heated at impact or from the volatile substances released by the probe, it is important to obtain measurements in several optical and infrared wavelengths, in addition to the CFHT observations (2.12 microns).
From a detailed analysis of the CFHT infrared movie of the variations after the flash, a cloud of ejected material or debris travelling some 80 kilometres in about 130 seconds has been detected by observer Christian Veillet, Principal Investigator for the SMART-1 impact observations at CFHT.
SOURCE and More Details - Science Daily (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/09/060911103731.htm)
The Lunar Sodium Atmosphere:
A Study as Observed Through Four Lunar Eclipses
Title:
The Lunar Sodium Atmosphere: A Study as Observed Through Four Lunar Eclipses
Authors:
Morrill, A. L.; Mendillo, M.; Baumgardner, J.
Affiliation:
AA(Boston University), AB(Boston University), AC(Boston University)
Publication:
American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #29, #13.10; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 29, p.987
Publication Date:
07/1997
Origin:
AAS
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 1997: American Astronomical Society
Bibliographic Code:
1997DPS....29.1310M
Abstract
The Moon's sodium atmosphere has been imaged during four lunar eclipses: November 29, 1993, April 2, 1996, September 27, 1996, and March 24, 1997, using a coronagraph type system at the Boston University four inch telescope located at the McDonald Observatory, TX, and at La Palma, Canary Islands. The Moon is imaged with a 5893A filter with a FWHP of 16A to include the sodium D1 and D2 lines. The eclipse condition provides the opportunity to observe the faint lunar atmosphere when the bright disk of the Moon is within the umbra and penumbra greatly reducing the scattered light in the system. In all four cases, the sodium atmosphere was imaged out to radial distances of 10 lunar radii. The brightness patterns were essentially uniform in azimuth and exhibited a radial decay far more gradual than seen at sub-solar radial distances at quarter Moon. While some variability appears among the four data sets, the large scale morphology under eclipse conditions was remarkably constant during the 1993 to 1997 events. This implies a steady source of sodium at times of full Moon.
Smithsonian Reports (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997DPS....29.1310M) - [Abstract Only]
Observational Test for the Solar Wind Sputtering Origin of the Moon's Extended Sodium Atmosphere (http://sirius.bu.edu/aeronomy/solarwind.pdf) - [PDF][Archived]
Discovery of the distant lunar sodium tail and its enhancement following the Leonid Meteor Shower of 1998 (http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1999/1999GL900314.shtml) - [Abstract Only]
The Lunar Atmosphere: History, Status, Current Problems, and Context (http://goo.gl/02Jxa) - [PDF][Archived]
True Color of the Lunar Sky
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/47john_lear/04images/Color/Copernicus_Saffron_01.png)
Copernicus Crater
Alan Bean describes the Lunar Sky...
"...as black as a pair of black patent leather shoes!"
The color we used in the image above came from a color chart that John sent to Howard Menger... he picked the color as he remembered it to be when he was taken to the Moon...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/47john_lear/04images/Color/Saffron_Strip_001.png)
The Color of the Lunar Sky
An Opinion by John Lear (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/47john_lear/02files/Color_of_Lunar_Sky.html)
Moon Fountains Good old NASA... we can always count on them for a good yarn ;D
NASA has known for decades about the dust clouds on the Moon, because THEY kept a record of TLP sightings recorded back as far as 1540!! :o
That's right.. and the results are available in a large file that track all sightings of clouds vapors and mysterious lights appearing
Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLP)NASA Technical Report TR R-277. was published in July 1968 as a Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events and is available here;
NASA Technical Report TR R-277 - Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events From 1540 to 1966 (http://www.scribd.com/doc/6404213/Nasa-Technical-Report-Nasa-Tr-R277-Chronological-Catalog-of-Reported-Lunar-Events-From-1540-to-1966)Moon Fountains(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Astronauts/sunset_rays_web_900x675.jpg)
No the above photo is NOT on the Moon, it is an October sunset, Clearwater Beach, Florida.
What it is showing us is
"crepuscular rays" or "twilight rays" Those require an atmosphere with dust particles to produce....
NASA Space Science
Moon Fountains
March 30, 2005 QuoteIn the early 1960s before Apollo 11, several early Surveyor spacecraft that soft-landed on the Moon returned photographs showing an unmistakable twilight glow low over the lunar horizon persisting after the sun had set. Moreover, the distant horizon between land and sky did not look razor-sharp, as would have been expected in a vacuum where there was no atmospheric haze.
But most amazing of all, Apollo 17 astronauts orbiting the Moon in 1972 repeatedly saw and sketched what they variously called "bands," "streamers" or "twilight rays" for about 10 seconds before lunar sunrise or lunar sunset. Such rays were also reported by astronauts aboard Apollo 8, 10, and 15.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Astronauts/rays.jpg)
Above: On the left are lunar "twilight rays" sketched by Apollo 17 astronauts;
on the right are terrestrial crepuscular rays photographed by author Trudy E. Bell.QuoteHere on Earth we see something similar: crepuscular rays. These are shafts of light and shadow cast by mountain ridges at sunrise or sunset. We see the shafts when they pass through dusty air. Perhaps the Moon's "twilight rays" are caused, likewise, by mountain shadows passing through levitating moondust. Many planetary scientists in the 1970s thought so, and some of them wrote papers to that effect (see the "more information" box at the end of this story for references).
But without an atmosphere, how could dust hover far above the Moon's surface? Even if temporarily kicked up by, say, a meteorite impact, wouldn't dust particles rapidly settle back onto the ground?
Well, no--at least not according to the "dynamic fountain model" for lunar dust recently proposed by Timothy J. Stubbs, Richard R. Vondrak, and William M. Farrell of the Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
"The Moon seems to have a tenuous atmosphere of moving dust particles," Stubbs explains. "We use the word 'fountain' to evoke the idea of a drinking fountain: the arc of water coming out of the spout looks static, but we know the water molecules are in motion." In the same way, individual bits of moondust are constantly leaping up from and falling back to the Moon's surface, giving rise to a "dust atmosphere" that looks static but is composed of dust particles in constant motion.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Astronauts/Apollo17_Sketch.jpg)
Apollo 17 SketchQuoteOn the Moon, there is no rubbing. The dust is electrostatically charged by the Sun in two different ways: by sunlight itself and by charged particles flowing out from the Sun (the solar wind).
On the daylit side of the Moon, solar ultraviolet and X-ray radiation is so energetic that it knocks electrons out of atoms and molecules in the lunar soil. Positive charges build up until the tiniest particles of lunar dust (measuring 1 micron and smaller) are repelled from the surface and lofted anywhere from meters to kilometers high, with the smallest particles reaching the highest altitudes, Stubbs explains. Eventually they fall back toward the surface where the process is repeated over and over again.
If that's what happens on the day side of the Moon, the natural question then becomes, what happens on the night side? The dust there, Stubbs believes, is negatively charged. This charge comes from electrons in the solar wind, which flows around the Moon onto the night side. Indeed, the fountain model suggests that the night side would charge up to higher voltages than the day side, possibly launching dust particles to higher velocities and altitudes.
Day side: positive. Night side: negative. What, then, happens at the Moon's terminator--the moving line of sunrise or sunset between day and night?
There could be "significant horizontal electric fields forming between the day and night areas, so there might be horizontal dust transport," Stubbs speculates. "Dust would get sucked across the terminator sideways." Because the biggest flows would involve microscopic particles too small to see with the naked eye, an astronaut would not notice dust speeding past. Still, if he or she were on the Moon's dark side alert for lunar sunrise, the astronaut "might see a weird, shifting glow extending along the horizon, almost like a dancing curtain of light." Such a display might resemble pale auroras on Earth.
Astronauts need to know, because in the years ahead NASA plans to send people back to the Moon, and deep dark craters are places where they might find pockets of frozen water--a crucial resource for any colony.
Will they also encounter swarms of electric dust?
Credits:
Author: Trudy E. Bell
NASA Science Reports - Rest of Article - Moon Fountains (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/30mar_moonfountains/)
Audio File: Moon Fountains MP3 (http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/images/moonfountains/audio/story.mp3)
What I want to know is WHY did the Astronauts not take a PHOTO of these rays with that handy Hassleblad color camera strapped to their chest. I would thing it would have taken less time that making a sketch and been more dramatic...
But NASA did have photos... much earlier, though we only heard about them with this article released in 2005...
Horizon Dust Glows
The Following images were taken by Surveyor 7
Provided by David Darling
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_7/Surveyor_7_01.jpg)
Courtesy NASA/JPL
Illumination along western horizon approximately 15 minutes after local sunset.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_7/Surveyor_7_02.jpg)
Courtesy NASA/JPL
Illumination along western horizon approximately 90 minutes after local sunset.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_7/Surveyor_7_03.jpg)
Courtesy NASA/JPL
Same field of view of western horizon about 160 minutes after local sunset.
Surveyor Observations of Lunar Horizon-Glow
J. J. Rennilson1 and D. R. Criswell2
(1) Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., USA
(2) The Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Tex., USA
Received: 13 August 1973
Abstract Each of the Surveyor 7, 6, and 5 spacecraft observed a line of light along its western lunar horizon following local sunset. It has been suggested that this horizon-glow (HG) is sunlight, which is forward-scattered by dust grains (~ 10µ in diam, ~ 50 grains cm–2) present in a tenuous cloud formed temporarily (lap 3 h duration) just above sharp sunlight/shadow boundaries in the terminator zone. Electrically charged grains could be levitated into the cloud by intense electrostatic fields (> 500 V cm–1) extending across the sunlight/shadow boundaries. Detailed analysis of the HG absolute luminance, temporal decay, and morphology confirm the cloud model. The levitation mechanism must eject 107 more particles per unit time into the cloud than could micro meteorites. Electrostatic transport is probably the dominant local transport mechanism of lunar surface fines.
This work was supported in part by the California Institute of Technology under Grant NGR 05-002-158, and in part by the Lunar Science Institute, which is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NSR-09-051-001 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This paper is Lunar Science Institute Contribution No. 163.
Surveyor Observations of Lunar Horizon-Glow (http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1974Moon...10..121R&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf) - [PDF][Archived][/b][/color]
If the direct link doesn't work for you... CLICK HERE (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974Moon...10..121R)
Surveyor 7 was the first probe to detect the faint glow on the lunar horizon after dark that is now thought to be light reflected from electrostatically levitated moon dust.
Surveyor Observations of Lunar Horizon-Glow
Surveyor One(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_1/Surveyor_1_P64a.jpg)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_1/survey1.gif)
Surveyor 1 Solar Corona Spike "Solar corona in the photograph observed by Surveyor 1, 16 minutes after sunset on the Moon June 14,1966," was remarked Gordon Newkirk, of the High Altitude Observatory. "A bright coronal streamer is visible as a thin pencil of light extending out of the brighter inner corona, against which the lunar horizon is silhouetted."
Surveyor Observations of Lunar Horizon-Glow
Surveyor Six(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_6/67-H-1642.jpg)
67-H-1642
November 24, 1967
Sunlight diffracted at Moon's limb as seen in Surveyor VI picture of the horizon west of spacecraft. This is the photo Richard Hoagland uses as proof of a glass dome...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/Surveyor_6/lumgrid.jpg)
From Richard Hoagland's work...Quote"This may be a photograph of the extraordinary glass dome covering the region of the moon known as Sinus Medii. It was taken by the unmanned Surveyor 6 on November 24, 1967, one hour after sunset."
Surveyor 1 - Launched May 30, 1966 - 11,237 images were transmitted to Earth.
Surveyor 2 - Launched September 20, 1966 - crashed near Copernicus crater.
Surveyor 3 - Launched on April 17, 1967 - 6,315 images were transmitted to Earth.
Surveyor 4 - Launched July 14, 1967 - This spacecraft crashed after an otherwise flawless mission.
Surveyor 5 - Launched September 3, 1967 - 19,049 images were transmitted to Earth.
Surveyor 6 - Launched November 7, 1967 - 30,027 images were transmitted to Earth.
Surveyor 7 - Launched January 7, 1968 - 21,091 images were transmitted to Earth.
To date I have only been able to find a mere handful of these images.. Time to hunt them down :D
A Dynamic Fountain Model for Lunar Dust by Timothy J. Stubbs, Richard R. Vondrak, and William M. Farrell
QuoteDuring the Apollo era of exploration it was discovered that sunlight was scattered at the terminators giving rise to "horizon glow" and "streamers" above the lunar surface. This was observed from the dark side of the Moon during
sunset and sunrise by both surface landers and astronauts in orbit. These observations were quite unexpected, as the Moon was thought to be a pristine environment with a negligible atmosphere or exosphere.
LPI-1899 PDF (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/1899.pdf) - [PDF][Archived]QuoteAlthough Timothy Stubbs is reluctant at this stage to make a definitive connection between crepuscular rays seen on Earth and the lunar rays sketched by the Apollo 17 astronauts, that very connection was suggested more than two decades ago by astronomers Aden and Marjorie Meinel in their charming book on meteorological optics: Sunsets, Twilights, and Evening Skies (Cambridge University Press, 1983) p. 123-126. Two different pictures of crepuscular rays can be found in Skyscapes, by Trudy E. Bell (http://home.att.net/%7Eskyscapes/01summerSkyS.pdf), League of American Bicyclists magazine, 37 (3): 12-15 (Summer 2001).
Just one of several papers from the early 1970s hypothesizing that the twilight glows photographed by the Surveyor landers and the "lunar rays" seen by the Apollo 17 astronauts were due to suspended lunar dust was "Evidence for a Lunar Dust Atmosphere from Apollo Orbital Observations" (http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?db_key=AST&bibcode=1974LPI.....5..475M&letter=.&classic=YES&defaultprint=YES&whole_paper=YES&page=475&epage=475&send=Send%2BPDF&filetype=.pdf) by J. E. McCoy and D. R. Criswell, Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, volume 5, page 475, (1974). Another was "Surveyor Observations of Lunar Horizon-Glow," (http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1974Moon...10..121R&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf) by J. J Rennilson and D. R. Criswell, The Moon 10: 121--142 (1974).
Electrostatic levitation of dust is also being studied by the Dusty Plasma Group in the physics department at the University of Colorado.
"Evidence for a Lunar Dust Atmosphere from Apollo Orbital Observations" (http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?db_key=AST&bibcode=1974LPI.....5..475M&letter=.&classic=YES&defaultprint=YES&whole_paper=YES&page=475&epage=475&send=Send%2BPDF&filetype=.pdf) by J. E. McCoy and D. R. Criswell - [PDF][Archived"Surveyor Observations of Lunar Horizon-Glow," (http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1974Moon...10..121R&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf) by J. J Rennilson and D. R. Criswell, The Moon 10: 121--142 (1974). - [PDF][Archived]
Lunar Sunrise Sunset Crater RaysThese observations of the sunset rays on the Moon are from Earth by astronomers...
QuoteThese events occur when the sun, at a low lunar altitude, projects a ray or spike of light, through a broken wall feature of a crater. Although many of these events may be visible on the surface of the moon, these are a listing of the more common ray events which have been reported in astronomical magazines, publications, or from observers who may have detected a ray for the first time, and reported it. Although not of any scientific value, the allusiveness of these events, coupled with the short time frame they are visible, make these real challenges for the avid lunar observer!
If you observe any of these events, and would like to have your observations placed in the reports, or if you think you have discovered another notable ray events, let me know and I will get it published here.
Report #1
Date: 1997/5/29
Location: ASH Naylor Observatory, Lewisberry, Pa.
76d53'4" west, 40d8'54" north; elevation 570 feet
Seeing: good
Transparency: good
Dome Temperature: 52 d F at session's end
Instrument: 17" f/15 classical Cassegrain
Ocular: 26mm Tele Vue Ploessl (249x)
Time: 07:10 UT
After I finished up a successful Herschel 400 globular cluster hunt on Thursday morning (I bagged 9 new H400 objects) I took a quick look at Jupiter and then the rising Moon as it obliterated the summer Milky Way. Although it was getting very late and quite chilly I was very happy to chance upon what just might be a new "lunar ray". I was scanning along the terminator at 249x when I noticed a triangular ray of sunlight streaming through a break in the western crater wall of Walter (at approximately 2 degrees west, 33 degrees south - Rukl chart 65). The ray illuminated Walter's western floor and the lower part of its central peak (the upper part was in direct sunlight, I believe). At approximately 07:42 UT I spotted a "reverse" triangular shadow being cast from an object on the western wall onto the illuminated crater floor. I could not stay any longer and by the time I had returned to my residence and set up my C4.5 (about 08:30 UT) the phenomenon was over and the crater floor was in darkness.
Dave Mitsky
Harrisburg, PA
ASH, DVAA
The Robinson Lunar Observatory (http://www.lunar-occultations.com/rlo/rays/rays.htm)
Moon Storms
An old Apollo experiment is telling researchers something new and surprising about the moon
December 7, 2005QuoteEvery lunar morning, when the sun first peeks over the dusty soil of the moon after two weeks of frigid lunar night, a strange storm stirs the surface.
The next time you see the moon, trace your finger along the terminator, the dividing line between lunar night and day. That's where the storm is. It's a long and skinny dust storm, stretching all the way from the north pole to the south pole, swirling across the surface, following the terminator as sunrise ceaselessly sweeps around the moon.
(http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2005/12/07/07dec_moonstorms_resources/leam1.jpg)
The box in the foreground is the Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment (LEAM). [More] (http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/docs/ApolloCat/Part1/LEAM.htm)QuoteBillions of years ago, meteoroids hit the moon almost constantly, pulverizing rocks and coating the moon's surface with their dusty debris. Indeed, this is the reason why the moon is so dusty. Today these impacts happen less often, but they still happen.
Apollo-era scientists wanted to know, how much dust is ejected by daily impacts? And what are the properties of that dust? LEAM was to answer these questions using three sensors that could record the speed, energy, and direction of tiny particles: one each pointing up, east, and west.
LEAM's three-decade-old data are so intriguing, they're now being reexamined by several independent groups of NASA and university scientists. Gary Olhoeft, professor of geophysics at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, is one of them:
"To everyone's surprise," says Olhoeft, "LEAM saw a large number of particles every morning, mostly coming from the east or west--rather than above or below--and mostly slower than speeds expected for lunar ejecta."
What could cause this? Stubbs has an idea: "The dayside of the moon is positively charged; the nightside is negatively charged." At the interface between night and day, he explains, "electrostatically charged dust would be pushed across the terminator sideways," by horizontal electric fields. (Learn more: "Moon Fountains." ) (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/30mar_moonfountains)
Even more surprising, Olhoeft continues, a few hours after every lunar sunrise, the experiment's temperature rocketed so high--near that of boiling water--that "LEAM had to be turned off because it was overheating."
Those strange observations could mean that "electrically-charged moondust was sticking to LEAM, darkening its surface so the experiment package absorbed rather than reflected sunlight," speculates Olhoeft.
But nobody knows for sure. LEAM operated for a very short time: only 620 hours of data were gathered during the icy lunar night and a mere 150 hours of data from the blazing lunar day before its sensors were turned off and the Apollo program ended.
Astronauts may have seen the storms, too. While orbiting the Moon, the crews of Apollo 8, 10, 12, and 17 sketched "bands" or "twilight rays" where sunlight was apparently filtering through dust above the moon's surface. This happened before each lunar sunrise and just after each lunar sunset. NASA's Surveyor spacecraft also photographed twilight "horizon glows," much like what the astronauts saw.
(http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2005/12/07/07dec_moonstorms_resources/mc.jpg)
Dusty "twilight rays" sketched by Apollo 17 astronauts in 1972QuoteIt's even possible that these storms have been spotted from Earth: For centuries, there have been reports of strange glowing lights on the moon, known as "lunar transient phenomena" or LTPs. Some LTPs have been observed as momentary flashes--now generally accepted to be visible evidence of meteoroids impacting the lunar surface. But others have appeared as amorphous reddish or whitish glows or even as dusky hazy regions that change shape or disappear over seconds or minutes. Early explanations, never satisfactory, ranged from volcanic gases to observers' overactive imaginations (including visiting extraterrestrials).
Now a new scientific explanation is gaining traction. "It may be that LTPs are caused by sunlight reflecting off rising plumes of electrostatically lofted lunar dust," Olhoeft suggests.
All this matters to NASA because, by 2018 or so, astronauts are returning to the Moon. Unlike Apollo astronauts, who never experienced lunar sunrise, the next explorers are going to establish a permanent outpost. They'll be there in the morning when the storm sweeps by.
The wall of dust, if it exists, might be diaphanous, invisible, harmless. Or it could be a real problem, clogging spacesuits, coating surfaces and causing hardware to overheat.
Which will it be? Says Stubbs, "we've still got a lot to learn about the Moon."
Authors: Trudy E. Bell & Dr. Tony Phillips | Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA
Moon Storms - NASA Science (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/07dec_moonstorms/)
Audio File: Moon Storms MP3 (http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2005/12/07/07dec_moonstorms_resources/story.mp3)Evidence for a high altitude distribution of Lunar Dust by James E. McCoy (http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2005/12/07/07dec_moonstorms_resources/mccoy_criswell.pdf) - [PDF][Archived]
The Moon and the Magnetotail (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/Ehsan-Rostamizadeh1.jpg)
The full Moon inside Earth's magnetic tail, March 2008 - NASAQuoteThe Moon and the Magnetotail
04.17.2008
April 17, 2008: Behold the full Moon. Ancient craters and frozen lava seas lie motionless under an airless sky of profound quiet. It's a slow-motion world where even a human footprint may last millions of years. Nothing ever seems to happen there.
Right?
Wrong. NASA-supported scientists have realized that something does happen every month when the Moon gets a lashing from Earth's magnetic tail.
"Earth's magnetotail extends well beyond the orbit of the Moon and, once a month, the Moon orbits through it," says Tim Stubbs, a University of Maryland scientist working at the Goddard Space Flight Center. "This can have consequences ranging from lunar 'dust storms' to electrostatic discharges."
Yes, Earth does have a magnetic tail. It is an extension of the same familiar magnetic field we experience when using a Boy Scout compass. Our entire planet is enveloped in a bubble of magnetism, which springs from a molten dynamo in Earth's core. Out in space, the solar wind presses against this bubble and stretches it, creating a long "magnetotail" in the downwind direction: diagram.
Anyone can tell when the Moon is inside the magnetotail. Just look: "If the Moon is full, it is inside the magnetotail," says Stubbs. "The Moon enters the magnetotail three days before it is full and takes about six days to cross and exit on the other side."
It is during those six days that strange things can happen.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/orbit.jpg) (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/orbit.jpg)
The Moon's orbit crosses Earth's magnetotail.QuoteDuring the crossing, the Moon comes in contact with a gigantic "plasma sheet" of hot charged particles trapped in the tail. The lightest and most mobile of these particles, electrons, pepper the Moon's surface and give the Moon a negative charge.
On the Moon's dayside this effect is counteracted to a degree by sunlight: UV photons knock electrons back off the surface, keeping the build-up of charge at relatively low levels. But on the nightside, in the cold lunar dark, electrons accumulate and voltages can climb to hundreds or thousands of volts.
Walking across the dusty charged-up lunar terrain, astronauts may find themselves crackling with electricity like a sock pulled out of a hot dryer. Touching another astronaut, a doorknob, a piece of sensitive electronics—any of these simple actions could produce an unwelcome zap. "Proper grounding is strongly recommended," advises Stubbs.
The ground, meanwhile, may leap into the sky. There is compelling evidence (see, e.g., the Surveyor 7 image below) that fine particles of moondust, when sufficiently charged-up, actually float above the lunar surface. This could create a temporary nighttime atmosphere of dust ready to blacken spacesuits, clog machinery, scratch faceplates (moondust is very abrasive) and generally make life difficult for astronauts.
Stranger still, moondust might gather itself into a sort of diaphanous wind. Drawn by differences in global charge accumulation, floating dust would naturally fly from the strongly-negative nightside to the weakly-negative dayside. This "dust storm" effect would be strongest at the Moon's terminator, the dividing line between day and night.
Much of this is pure speculation, Stubbs cautions. No one can say for sure what happens on the Moon when the magnetotail hits, because no one has been there at the crucial time. "Apollo astronauts never landed on a full Moon and they never experienced the magnetotail."
The best direct evidence comes from NASA's Lunar Prospector spacecraft, which orbited the Moon in 1998-99 and monitored many magnetotail crossings. During some crossings, the spacecraft sensed big changes in the lunar nightside voltage, jumping "typically from -200 V to -1000 V," says Jasper Halekas of UC Berkeley who has been studying the decade-old data.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/Surveyor_LHG_obs_selection_strip2.jpg) (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/Surveyor_LHG_obs_selection.jpg)
In 1968, on many occasions, NASA's Surveyor 7 moon lander photographed a strange "horizon glow" after dark. Researchers now believe the glow is sunlight scattered from electrically-charged moondust floating just above the lunar surface. [Larger image] (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon8/Atmosphere/Surveyor_LHG_obs_selection.jpg)Quote"It is important to note," says Halekas, "that the plasma sheet (where all the electrons come from) is a very dynamic structure. The plasma sheet is in a constant state of motion, flapping up and down all the time. So as the Moon orbits through the magnetotail, the plasma sheet can sweep across it over and over again. Depending on how dynamic things are, we can encounter the plasma sheet many times during a single pass through the magnetotail with encounters lasting anywhere from minutes to hours or even days."
"As a result, you can imagine how dynamic the charging environment on the Moon is. The Moon can be just sitting there in a quiet region of the magnetotail and then suddenly all this hot plasma goes sweeping by causing the nightside potential to spike to a kilovolt. Then it drops back again just as quickly."
The roller coaster of charge would be at its most dizzying during solar and geomagnetic storms. "That is a very dynamic time for the plasma sheet and we need to study what happens then," he says.
What happens then? Next-generation astronauts are going to find out. NASA is returning to the Moon in the decades ahead and plans to establish an outpost for long-term lunar exploration. It turns out they'll be exploring the magnetotail, too.
Author: Dr. Tony Phillips
Credit: Science@NASA
The Moon and the Magnetotail (http://www.nasa.gov/topics/moonmars/features/magnetotail_080416.html)
SOURCE: NASA - Earth's Magnetic Field Does Strange Things to the Moon (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/17apr_magnetotail/)
Audio File: Magnetic Field MP3 (http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2008/04/17/17apr_magnetotail_resources/story.mp3)(http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/222894main_magnetotail_20080416_HI.jpg)
ine particles of dust on the moon's surface can actually float off the ground when they become charged by electrons in Earth's magnetotail. Credit: NASA(http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020097/Substorms1_web.jpg)
Earth's magnetic field responds to the solar wind much like an airport wind sock: It stretches out with its tail pointing downwind. Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center- Conceptual Image LabMagnetospheric substorm animation (http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010100/a010104/index.html)
Moondust in the Wind
April 10, 2008QuoteMoondust is dry, desiccated stuff, and may seem like a dull topic to write about. Indeed, you could search a ton of moondust without finding a single molecule of water, so it could make for a pretty "dry" story. But like the dust in your mother's attic, moondust covers something interesting – the moon – and even the dust itself has curious tales to tell.
A group of NASA and University of Alabama researchers are what you might call "active listeners": Mian Abbas, James Spann, Richard Hoover and Dragana Tankosic have been shooting moondust with electrons, levitating moondust using electric fields, and scrutinizing moondust under an electron microscope. All this is happening at the National Space Science and Technology Center's "Dusty Plasma Lab" in Huntsville, Alabama.
Why such attention? Spann explains: "Humans will return to the moon in a few years and have to know what to expect. How do you live and work in a place filled with moondust? We're trying to find out."
"Moondust was a real nuisance for Apollo astronauts," adds Abbas. "It stuck to everything – spacesuits, equipment, instruments." The sharp-edged grains scratched faceplates, clogged joints, blackened surfaces and made dials all but unreadable. "The troublesome clinginess had a lot to do with moondust's electrostatic charge."
Dust on the moon is electrified, at least in part, by exposure to the solar wind. Earth is protected from the solar wind by our planet's magnetic field, but the moon has no global magnetic field to ward off charged particles from the sun. Free electrons in the solar wind interact with grains of moondust and, in effect, "charge them up."
(http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2008/04/10/10apr_moondustinthewind_resources/chargedmoon.jpg)
Lunar surface charging and electric fields caused by sunlight and solar wind. Credit: Jasper Halekas and Greg Delory of U.C. Berkeley, and Bill Farrell and Tim Stubbs of the Goddard Space Flight Center.QuoteAt the Dusty Plasma Lab, the scientists simulate solar wind-like conditions to study the moon's dust in a realistic environment. In previous studies (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/21nov_abbas), Abbas and colleagues examined the effects of ultraviolet sunlight on grains of moondust to help construct theories about how moondust will behave during daylight hours on the moon. (UV photons can also charge up moondust.) Now they are investigating how the grains behave in the dark of night, when the swirling solar wind dominates "lunar weather."
"Fortunately, we know what the solar wind is like, so we can simulate it," says Spann.
In a typical experiment, Abbas peppers the dust grains with a beam of electrons from an electron gun. He suspends a single grain of moondust inside the vacuum test chamber and bombards the grain with different numbers of electrons.
"We've had some surprising results," says Abbas "We're finding that individual dust grains do not act the same as larger amounts of moon dust put together. Existing theories based on calculations of the charge of a large amount of moondust don't apply to the moondust at the single particle level."
Below: Illuminated by red laser light, a single speck of moondust hangs suspended in a vacuum chamber at the NSSTC's Dusty Plasma Lab.
(http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2008/04/10/10apr_moondustinthewind_resources/125971main_EG015_722x470.jpg)
QuoteWhen it comes to electrostatic charging, grains of moondust are individualists capable of eccentric and surprising behavior. For instance, in one experiment conducted by Abbas, pelting a positively charged grain of moondust with electrons (which carry a negative charge) caused the grain to exhibit a more positive charge. Consider that grain a contrarian! Abbas thinks that each electron hitting the grain dislodged two or more electrons already there, resulting in a net increase of positive charge.
Not all moondust behaves this way. How each grain reacts depends on a variety of factors including the grain's size, the charge it already carries, and the number of free electrons incoming.
Spann adds, "We believe the single grains will behave differently on the moon, too – not just in our lab. Our results are closer to what's really happening on the moon. We're saying, 'Hey wait a second guys. We're finding something odd. When you go to the moon, it's going to be a little different than you thought.'"
You can bet mission planners will be listening as the moondust tells its tale.
Author: Dauna Coulter | Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA
Source: NASA - Moondust in the Wind (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/10apr_moondustinthewind/)
Audio File: Dust in the Wind MP3 (http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2008/04/10/10apr_moondustinthewind_resources/story.mp3)
Mesmerized by Moondust (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/21nov_abbas/)
Don't Breathe the Moondust
April 22, 2005 QuoteDon't Breathe the Moondust
When humans return to the Moon and travel to Mars, they'll have to be careful of what they inhale.
This is a true story.
In 1972, Apollo astronaut Harrison Schmitt sniffed the air in his Lunar Module, the Challenger. "[It] smells like gunpowder in here," he said. His commander Gene Cernan agreed. "Oh, it does, doesn't it?"
The two astronauts had just returned from a long moonwalk around the Taurus-Littrow valley, near the Sea of Serenity. Dusty footprints marked their entry into the spaceship. That dust became airborne--and smelly.
Don't Breathe the Moondust (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/22apr_dontinhale/)
The Mysterious Smell of Moondust
January 30, 2006(http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2006/01/29/30jan_smellofmoondust_resources/dustycernan1.jpg)
At the end of a long day on the moon, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene cernan rests inside the lunar module Challenger. Note the smudges of dust on his longjohns and forehead. Photo credit: Jack Schmitt.QuoteMoondust. "I wish I could send you some," says Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan. Just a thimbleful scooped fresh off the lunar surface. "It's amazing stuff."
Feel it—it's soft like snow, yet strangely abrasive.
Taste it—"not half bad," according to Apollo 16 astronaut John Young.
Sniff it—"it smells like spent gunpowder," says Cernan.
How do you sniff moondust?
see captionEvery Apollo astronaut did it. They couldn't touch their noses to the lunar surface. But, after every moonwalk (or "EVA"), they would tramp the stuff back inside the lander. Moondust was incredibly clingy, sticking to boots, gloves and other exposed surfaces. No matter how hard they tried to brush their suits before re-entering the cabin, some dust (and sometimes a lot of dust) made its way inside.
Once their helmets and gloves were off, the astronauts could feel, smell and even taste the moon.
The Mysterious Smell of Moondust (http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/30jan_smellofmoondust/)
I think that this sort of answered my queation?
"The ground, meanwhile, may leap into the sky. There is compelling evidence (see, e.g., the Surveyor 7 image below) that fine particles of moondust, when sufficiently charged-up, actually float above the lunar surface. This could create a temporary nighttime atmosphere of dust ready to blacken spacesuits, clog machinery, scratch faceplates (moondust is very abrasive) and generally make life difficult for astronauts.
Stranger still, moondust might gather itself into a sort of diaphanous wind. Drawn by differences in global charge accumulation, floating dust would naturally fly from the strongly-negative nightside to the weakly-negative dayside.OR...... differently stated?
from negative to..... positive?
Is more negative to less negative a shift in the direction that we are all more aware of? Its interesting that they would find it imperitive to phrase it.... strongly negative to weakly negative... a change in potentials.... right?
Linda
Quote from: Linda Brown on June 20, 2012, 12:00:12 AM
I think that this sort of answered my queation?
"The ground, meanwhile, may leap into the sky. There is compelling evidence (see, e.g., the Surveyor 7 image below) that fine particles of moondust, when sufficiently charged-up, actually float above the lunar surface. This could create a temporary nighttime atmosphere of dust ready to blacken spacesuits, clog machinery, scratch faceplates (moondust is very abrasive) and generally make life difficult for astronauts.
Stranger still, moondust might gather itself into a sort of diaphanous wind. Drawn by differences in global charge accumulation, floating dust would naturally fly from the strongly-negative nightside to the weakly-negative dayside.OR...... differently stated?
from negative to..... positive?
Is more negative to less negative a shift in the direction that we are all more aware of? Its interesting that they would find it imperitive to phrase it.... strongly negative to weakly negative... a change in potentials.... right?
Linda
You are absolutely correct Linda.
There is golden knowledge in this forum, let it thrive and we shall nurture it with Mathematics if need be. Forces are not completely understood here, but in a while it will become common knowledge.
Raymond 8)
Your friendly retired MIB
"The Smoking Plume"
Mission: Lunar Orbiter 3
LO-3-213-H1
Look closely at the following image and you will notice areas that appear laid out in rectangular lines. like streets in a city...
You will also see lights glowing and even smoke in the distance :o
(note: ignore the little crosses and the developer blobs... those are image artifacts and of no use to us. The crosses are on the photographic plate and the developer spots are from the process on board the orbiter)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/LO_3_213/LO_3_3213_h1_900.jpg) (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/LO_3_213/LO_3_3213_h1_4800.jpg)
LPI LO-3-213-H1 Click image for hi res copy
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/LO_3_213/Smoke_001_900.png)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/LO_3_213/Smoke_001_700_label.png)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/LO_3_213/Negative_Top_900.png) (http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/04images/Moon9/LO_3_213/Negative_Top_4800.png)
In the NEGATIVE View the area below the hill looks even more like a city, and you can see the plume and limb glow clearly (click on image to enlarge)
In the upper right of the image there is another plume and a glowing dome shaped light...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/Vault/Moon_001.png)
When you increase contrast that glow really pops up...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/Vault/Moon_001a.png)
Quote from: Tromprenard on June 20, 2012, 12:13:22 AMForces are not completely understood here, but in a while it will become common knowledge.
That's because no one ever gives us a straight answer :D
NASA - Never A Straight Answer
or as Robert Bigelow puts it..
NASA - No Access to Space for Americans
QuoteYour friendly retired MIB
I didn't know they allowed 'retirement' :P
Nice to see you back. Can I borrow your flashy thing?
Ha! Raymond doesn't get retired!!!! He just gets : retreaded" and sent down the road again!!!!!!
kisses Trickfox Linda
zorgon, just to what do you attribute that "smoke plume" to?? Is the plume indicative of some amount of atmosphere, if it were just "rising smoke"?
What happens to a smoke plume in a vacuum/limited gravity environment? Does it rise straight up? Does it rise at all?
Have you considered this plume to possibly be the remnants of a "lift-off" by some thing, or somebody?? I think, that if this is actually a "plume", I might lean toward generation by a lift-off. I would "guess" the plume to be topped at a significant height, from the surface?? Would a lift-off plume fall? Fast or slow?
Really is some weird looking "stuff" in this photo! Just started looking!
Re: the Plume - the more I look at that item, the less it looks like smoke or lift-off. The higher you go looking at it, the more defined it is. At and near the top end, the lines are very straight and they have a "formed appearance", and include one or two well defined "bends".
And the very top section just looks different from the rest of it. Also, there are what look like two anomalies in the bend, near the top, that have a white/lighter appearance. These can also be seen with a negative screen. And if one goes down to the next larger bend, there are two more anomalies of sorts - white on regular screen, and back on negative screen.. All of this is easier to discern with a well magnified screen
I suppose we could make conjecture on this plume-looking feature, for a long time, but,
does anyone else think this may be something entirely different. Can the top of that thing see/listen to Earth 24/7/365, from its position?? Or see/listen anywhere on the moon as well??
Or, maybe a wormhole transition?? :)) Or whatever????????????
Hi!
I don't think that I have ever seen this phrase
Or, maybe a wormhole transitionand I wondered what it was that made you think of mentioning it when talking about this particular strange " plume'? Linda
Quote from: Linda Brown on June 21, 2012, 01:23:36 PM
Hi!
I don't think that I have ever seen this phrase
Or, maybe a wormhole transitionand I wondered what it was that made you think of mentioning it when talking about this particular strange " plume'? Linda
Hi Linda! To answer your question, "wormhole transition" just came to mind, as I was thinking about alternative possibilities to "smoke", for this anomaly. If wormholes exist, and if wormholes are free-space operatives, then, there remains a need for a conveyance to reach the "free-space entrance" of a wormhole, as well as a need for conveyance to the surface, from the wormhole exit.
Maybe the moon its self is our "wormhole transition" to the stars, and to this universe!
We could just as easily conjecture it to be a "boarding ramp" to an awaiting space vehicle, at some altitude. ETC. ETC. ETC. We my never know for sure what is/was, in this photo.
Actually, I should have posted a screenshot of what I am looking at on this. It is at fairly high multiplication, so, the detail is more seeable. I will include it here.
No one on this thread has been to the moon that they are allowed to remember, of course. But here's what Howard Menger had to say about the atmosphere on the moon which he visited in 1956, at the invitation of the people who live on the there.
At one point in his 4 day tour of the moon they were "taken by train (no wheels, rested in suspension above the copper highway) which ribboned through the terrain and disappeared from view."
After a couple of hours seeing parts of the moon Menger writes: "...we halted and our guide told us we could get out on the moon's surface where we could breathe the air with little or no difficulty. That pleased the group for we were eager to stretch our legs."
Menger continues, "My first impression was that I was in the desert. The air was warm and dry. I could see little wind funnels forming on the ground, drawing up dust particles like tiny whirlwinds. I looked up at the sky. It was a yellowish color. When looking I had the queer impression that if I walked some distance I would fall off, since the horizon seemed to be foreshortened."
"In the distance we could see jagged edges of high mountains etched black against the saffron-colored sky. The ground beneath our feet was like yellowish-white powdery sand, with stones and boulders and some minute plant life showing here and there as we looked around."
So I guess that settles that. The moon does indeed have a breathable atmosphere, just like I said.
NAZA knows that. Now, so do you.
John.... though I had a very detailed ( what I thought then ) dream in 1955 about visiting the moons mining operations.... I really can't speak to what Mr. Menger describes here because that was not my experience.
But I did need to ask you something. About this " Not being allowed to remember being on the moon" I seem to have been allowed to remember it as a " dream " that I discussed with my family after experiencing it. The odd thing was that My Dad had the identical dream and mentioned it after I had told about my dream. I think he still remembers how amazed we all were that the dreams were identical.... not just in concept but in the smallest shared details.
Of course after I started doing research for first Pauls book ( in case others don't already know... the biography of my Dad, Townsend Brown) someone else stepped forward who offered the information in a single sentence " It was no dream."
I can accept that.
My question to you is.... How is it that our experience of that can be shifted to a dream like state.... or if it has to be forgotten entirely.... do you know the process by which that is accomplished?
I am not asking this because I doubt what you are saying about memories being erased. I just wonder if you know more about that particular experience.
Thanks in advance. Linda
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 08:29:05 PM
No one on this thread has been to the moon that they are allowed to remember, of course.
Hello Mr Lear,
If I may ask, why would just anyone be taken to the moon? and if so, wouldn't that person be missed here on earth if even for a day?
Thanks,
Mikado
Quote from: Linda Brown on June 30, 2012, 08:46:58 PM
John.... though I had a very detailed ( what I thought then ) dream in 1955 about visiting the moons mining operations.... I really can't speak to what Mr. Menger describes here because that was not my experience.
But I did need to ask you something. About this " Not being allowed to remember being on the moon" I seem to have been allowed to remember it as a " dream " that I discussed with my family after experiencing it. The odd thing was that My Dad had the identical dream and mentioned it after I had told about my dream. I think he still remembers how amazed we all were that the dreams were identical.... not just in concept but in the smallest shared details.
Of course after I started doing research for first Pauls book ( in case others don't already know... the biography of my Dad, Townsend Brown) someone else stepped forward who offered the information in a single sentence " It was no dream."
I can accept that.
My question to you is.... How is it that our experience of that can be shifted to a dream like state.... or if it has to be forgotten entirely.... do you know the process by which that is accomplished?
I am not asking this because I doubt what you are saying about memories being erased. I just wonder if you know more about that particular experience.
Thanks in advance. Linda
Hello Linda,
They can make it as a dream that you remember, or make you not remember at all.
Or they can give you a screen memory of something entirely different.
They can do anything and everything with our minds and our soul. They can put our soul in an animal. They can put it in a pencil.
They can put it in a tree or cow or anything else.
We are completely and entirely under their total control.
Sorry, I don't know the process. But I have heard that in the deep dark bowels of U.S. and U.K. research, at Montauk, that have learned how to splice off part of the soul. I don't know whether or not they can put it back together.
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 08:29:05 PMThe ground beneath our feet was like yellowish-white powdery sand, with stones and boulders and some minute plant life showing here and there as we looked around."
"...some minute plant life"On that point..
Back at Open Minds forum one of the mods wanted to do a remote viewing experiment. He had a group of women who had asked him about it and they wanted to try it.
So he set it up, all the proper procedures, etc
The team went... and all of them were so terrified they pulled out, literally fearing for their lives.
All but one... she hung on, hiding in a big cave... and looked out. After a short time the fear overcame her as well and she had to get out
But before she did, she sketched a flower growing at the entrance to the cave...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/47john_lear/04images/Remote/Moon_Plant_001.png)
So there you have your first look at a Moon Plant
fear is a strong motivator
and what john has said is fear full...weather you believe it or not
it will certainly make you stop and think about it
Quote from: Mikado on June 30, 2012, 09:08:30 PM
Hello Mr Lear,
If I may ask, why would just anyone be taken to the moon? and if so, wouldn't that person be missed here on earth if even for a day?
Thanks,
Mikado
It is voluntary in some cases. The moon people ask that you make arrangements so you won't be missed. In the case of outright abduction it is completely involuntary.
You, yourself were taken at age 3, 7 aand 13. But unless you undergo professional regression you will never remember it. I wouldn't advise it anyway for the simple reasosn they don't use pain killers for invasive surgery.
Quote from: sky otter on June 30, 2012, 09:28:46 PM
fear is a strong motivator
and what john has said is fear full...weather you believe it or not
it will certainly make you stop and think about it
Truer words were never spoken. :)
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/45jack_files/04images/Tsiolkovsky/Tsiolkovsky_001.jpg)
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/45jack_files/04images/Tsiolkovsky/Moon_Mine002.png)
The image above is a Sketch from 1895 of a Gold Mine in Operation on the Moon by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. "Dreams of the Earth and Sky" (1895)
The tube connecting the pyramid shaped towers are clear glass as he shows people inside. This image would be of the Farside judging by the position of the Earth in the drawing and the shape of the spaceship above being that of what we call a standard UFO today is very interesting indeed.
He was a man ahead of his time, the Father of the liquid fuel rocket and even designed a space station with a revolving Torus (for gravity) complete with solar collectors, solar panels and a dish antenna... in 1896!!!! So how did he know about the Farside Mining Operation?
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/45jack_files/04images/Tsiolkovsky/sm_tsiolkovsky.jpg)
100 year commemorative
Before the Wright Brothers made their first flight, this man was designing space stations and liquid fueled rockets. He published his works in 1903, three months before man's first historic flight. His favorite fuel being liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Hydrogen was very difficult to produce back then. At the same time he realized that we would need multistage rockets to achieve orbit.
1895 of a gold mine in operation on the moon...
Reported in three newspaper articles
Delphos Daily Herald, The Wednesday, February 06, 1895 Delphos, Ohio
Evening News, The (Newspaper) - March 12, 1895, Lincoln, Nebraska
Delphos Daily Herald, The (Newspaper) - August 28, 1895, Delphos, Ohio
http://newspaperarchive.com/welcome1
(subscription needed to get the articles now. Before you could read them online)
Also the Gold Mine Sketch is featured on two websites;
In pictures: Living on the Moon, BBC News, 5 December 2006 (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6210518.stm)
"This sketch from 1895 shows a gold mine in operation on the Moon, tapping into fabulous resources."
Internet Encyclopedia of Science, David Darling, Moon Base (http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/Moon_base.html)
"The idea of a colony on the Moon has long been a favorite of science fiction writers and space visionaries. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky described such a base, as did others as long ago as the late 19th and early 20th centuries."
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 09:31:42 PM
It is voluntary in some cases. The moon people ask that you make arrangements so you won't be missed. In the case of outright abduction it is completely involuntary.
You, yourself were taken at age 3, 7 and 13. But unless you undergo professional regression you will never remember it. I wouldn't advise it anyway for the simple reason they don't use pain killers for invasive surgery.
Greetings:
Now, this gets interesting.
QuoteYou, yourself were taken at age 3, 7 and 13.
Without going into personal reasons as to why this hits so close to home (chills down my back as I write this), I am extremely curious as to the specific ages.
Born in 1947, that would make those 'excursions' at ages 3 (1950), age 7 (1954), age 13 (1960).
Is there any relevance to those specific years to 'physical' age?
Or was this a special message to Mikado (a warning, perhaps) and I am truly confused/controlled/programmed?
This may be the rabbit hole that I have been searching for.
Thank you for your time, consideration and participation.
Peace Love Light
tfw
Liberty & Equality or Revolution
Am I to understand that EVERY child is taken there at 3, 7 and 13?
Is that what You're saying, John?
Quote from: Amaterasu on June 30, 2012, 10:01:34 PM
Am I to understand that EVERY child is taken there at 3, 7 and 13?
Is that what You're saying, John?
Every HUMAN child. About 20% of the people walking around here on earth are aliens.
Quote from: thorfourwinds on June 30, 2012, 09:47:32 PM
Greetings:
Now, this gets interesting.
Without going into personal reasons as to why this hits so close to home (chills down my back as I write this), I am extremely curious as to the specific ages.
Born in 1947, that would make those 'excursions' at ages 3 (1950), age 7 (1954), age 13 (1960).
Is there any relevance to those specific years to 'physical' age?
Or was this a special message to Mikado (a warning, perhaps) and I am truly confused/controlled/programmed?
This may be the rabbit hole that I have been searching for.
Thank you for your time, consideration and participation.
Peace Love Light
tfw
Liberty & Equality or Revolution
No relevence that I know off however there must be something that goes on during those ages where they need to do a checkup. Like when you take your car in for a lube and oil every 3000 miles or so.
Checkups, upgrades, deletions, that sort of thing.
No special messages to anybody. Except Zorgon. He needs an upgrade.
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 10:03:39 PM
Every HUMAN child. About 20% of the people walking around here on earth are aliens.
I am by the moment expecting the unexpected.
I wasn't expecting that .
I think Americans have a baseball saying about a left field curve ball???
I wonder how many hobbits there are???
hobbit
One of the sights on Mengers tour was a crashed rocket ship.
They were not told whose it was.
I wish I'd have asked Howard to draw a sketch of it.
But it was probably German.
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 10:03:39 PM
Every HUMAN child. About 20% of the people walking around here on earth are aliens.
Wow. That's a LOT of hauling kids around. I figured there was a good percentage of ET here, but geez. Close to six billion, times three, is one heck of a LOT of Human "abducting." Why are They doing this to Us?
Quote from: Amaterasu on June 30, 2012, 10:30:30 PM
Wow. That's a LOT of hauling kids around. I figured there was a good percentage of ET here, but geez. Close to six billion, times three, is one heck of a LOT of Human "abducting." Why are They doing this to Us?
Like I said, checkups, upgrades, special instructions...stuff like that.
If you were able to throw a single switch that would expose every saucer in the sky during the daytime the sky would be BLACK. But they don't want you to find out or worry too much so they just turn on the cloaker switch.
Quote from: hobbit on June 30, 2012, 10:15:53 PM
I am by the moment expecting the unexpected.
I wasn't expecting that .
I think Americans have a baseball saying about a left field curve ball???
I wonder how many hobbits there are???
hobbit
Greetings:
There can only be one... like you.tfw
Greetings:
Any idea as to transportation methods for this mass movement of ... humans ?
tfw
Quote from: thorfourwinds on June 30, 2012, 10:43:43 PM
Greetings:
There can only be one... like you.
tfw
Essentially correct,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq4SqgxIKM0
hobit
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 10:09:01 PM
No special messages to anybody. Except Zorgon. He needs an upgrade.
I need more than an upgrade :P
Howard also talked about the clouds on the moon and put a photo of a cloud formation in his book, "From Outer Space". It's not clear enough to post.
But here is a photo taken by the Lick Observatory of a foggy day on Mare Crisium where you can see the low laying fog covering the craters and the shoreline.
Nope. No doubt about clouds on the moon.
(http://img4.imageshack.us/img4/7528/clickobs9xxchris2012.jpg) (http://img4.imageshack.us/i/clickobs9xxchris2012.jpg/)
Quote from: thorfourwinds on June 30, 2012, 10:46:21 PM
Greetings:
Any idea as to transportation methods for this mass movement of ... humans ?
tfw
Mostly saucers. I don't know about any other shapes. Maybe a cigar or two.
I've heard of them taking anywheres from 4 to maybe 10 humans per trip
The trip from a humans bed, out the window, to the moon, a quick check up and back to bed takes about 45 to 50 minutes.
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 11:04:54 PM
Nope. No doubt about clouds on the moon.
REPORTS of curious flashes and fleeting clouds on the Moon may not be figments of wild imaginations, astronomers say. A new look at observations by the American satellite Clementine show that a small area on the Moon's surface darkened and reddened in April 1994. Why this happened remains a mystery.
For hundreds of years, people have reported seeing flashes, short-lived clouds and other brief changes on the Moon's surface. But astronomers have never been able to confirm the sightings. "The events were observed on many occasions, but most astronomers don't believe in them," says Bonnie Buratti of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. On 23 April 1994, around a hundred amateur astronomers reported seeing a possible darkening of the Moon, lasting 40 minutes, near the edge of the bright lunar crater Aristarchus. At the same time, the US Department of Defense's Clementine satellite was mapping the lunar surface.
SOURCE: Moon mystery emerges from the X-files
23 October 1999 New Scientist (http://web.archive.org/web/20080114045815/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16422093.200.html)[Retrieved from wayback machine][Archived]
This is the type of alien that is usually seen by the abductee while laying on a large silver tray.
Kind of 'praying mantis'. Usually its the abductee that is praying. :)
(http://img18.imageshack.us/img18/7994/alienx.png) (http://img18.imageshack.us/i/alienx.png/)
1671 Nov 12 Pitatus Small whitish cloud D.Cassini Bode 1792a; Lalande 1792 (1966)
1788 Dec 11 Plato Bright area, like thin white cloud Schroter schroter 1791
1826 Apr 12, 20h00m Mare Crisium Black moving haze or cloud Emmett Emmett 1826; Capron 1879
1826 Apr 13, 20h00m Mare Crisium; 1 hr Cloud less intense Emmett Capron 1879
1864 May 15 and Oct 16 Mare Crisium, E of Picard Bright cloud Ingall Ingall 1864
1865 Sep 5 Mare Crisium, E of Picard Point of light like star, with misty cloud Ingall Astr. Reg. 1866
1873 Apr 10 Plato Under high sun, two faint clouds in W part of crater Schmidt Sirius 1879
1878 Oct 5, 21h40m Plato Faint bright shimmer like thin white cloud Klein Klein, Woch. fur Astr.;
1878 Nov 9, 21h00m Plato Faint but unmistakable white cloud, not seen before Klein Sirius 1878
1878 Dec 4 Agrippa, Klein's Object and the oval spot nearby "Odd misty look as if vapour were in or about them." Capron Capron 1879
1878 E of Picard White patch Birt Eng. Mech. Vol 28
1878 Interior of Tycho Cloudy appearance Birt Eng. Mech. Vol 28
1880 Jan 18 Whole of Mare Nectaris Foggy. Fog extended into the floor of Fracastorius. Gruithuisen said that the seeing was unsatisfactory. Gaudibert Gaudibert 1880
1882 May 19 Just E of Mare Crisium against Prom. Agarum Cloud, not less than 100 mi x 40 or 50 mi; no trace seen on May 20 J.G. Jackson and friends Eng. Mech. 1882; Strol. Astr. 1966; B.A.A. Lunar Sec. Circ. 1966, 1, No.8
1882 Jul 17 Just E of Mare Crisium, against Prom. Agarum Feathery mist or cloud J.G. Jackson Strol. Astr. 1966
1883 May Edge of Mare Crisium Light mist or cloud J.G. Jackson Flammarion 1884
1891 Sep 16 Schroter's Valley "Dense clouds of white vapour were apparently arising from its bottom and pouring over its SE [IAU:SW] wall in the direction of Herodotus." W.H. Pickering Pickering 1903
That is just the fully documented ones up to 1900 :D Wait till i get into the lights :D
Nasa Technical Report Nasa Tr R-277 Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events From 1540 to 1966 (http://www.scribd.com/doc/6404213/Nasa-Technical-Report-Nasa-Tr-R277-Chronological-Catalog-of-Reported-Lunar-Events-From-1540-to-1966)
So NASA KNOWS about the clouds and the lights... I got it from their servers :P
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 11:26:08 PM
Kind of 'praying mantis'.
Many years ago I read the novels by John Norman, The Gor Novels, stories of the Counter Earth
In that series there were Preying Mantis Aliens
(http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lq8sdcuAXw1r0rrcuo1_400.jpg)
Priest-Kings of Gor" by Boris Vallejo(http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1333882334l/890361.jpg)
Priest-Kings of Gor (Chronicles of Counter Earth, Volume 3)
John Norman (http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345024877/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=pegasreseacon-20&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0345024877)
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 10:38:00 PM
Like I said, checkups, upgrades, special instructions...stuff like that.
If you were able to throw a single switch that would expose every saucer in the sky during the daytime the sky would be BLACK. But they don't want you to find out or worry too much so they just turn on the cloaker switch.
I guess I should rephrase: why are They so involved with Us that They do this. Why all this attention? (Why aren't They helping to solve Fukushima with all They have vested in Humanity?)
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 09:31:42 PM
It is voluntary in some cases. The moon people ask that you make arrangements so you won't be missed. In the case of outright abduction it is completely involuntary.
You, yourself were taken at age 3, 7 aand 13. But unless you undergo professional regression you will never remember it. I wouldn't advise it anyway for the simple reasosn they don't use pain killers for invasive surgery.
Thank You, I remember the age of 7. It was around Christmas, at least that is how I remember it. And that is saying a good deal for someone who has holes in their memory from an NDE.
Thanks, your answer makes sense to me.
Mikado
Quote from: johnlear on June 30, 2012, 11:26:08 PM
This is the type of alien that is usually seen by the abductee while laying on a large silver tray.
Kind of 'praying mantis'. Usually its the abductee that is praying. :)
(http://img18.imageshack.us/img18/7994/alienx.png) (http://img18.imageshack.us/i/alienx.png/)
These type of ETs you describe look and sound like the same ETs which abducted The Allagash Abductions. One of the best and well documented UFO Alien Abductions ever. The Allagash incident would involve multiple witnesses, four to be exact, twin brothers Jack and Jim Weiner, along with their friends Chuck Rak and Charlie Foltz. The four men had met while studying at the Massachusetts College of Art, and they were all beginning their respective careers.
The Allagash Waterway is a series of lakes and canals in the breathtaking mountains of Maine. It would be in August 1976, that the four men began their vacation, and part way through their canoeing, they reached Eagle Lake, padding to it's mouth to do some fishing. Not having any luck, and running low on food, they decided to try some night fishing. Before leaving the bank, they built an extremely large campfire to be a landmark light from the water.
After a time on the lake, the four suddenly saw a light... a light that seemed much brighter than a star. The glowing orb was hovering over the trees a couple of hundred yards away. The object changed colors as it moved back and forth; red, then green, then a whitish yellow.The massive object was estimated to be about 80 feet in diameter. The object slowly moved across the tops of the trees along the bank, and as it came closer to the four fishermen, Charlie Foltz signaled an SOS with his flashlight. Immediately, the object silently moved toward the canoe.
A guarded curiosity now turned into a frantic dash for the bank. As they paddled as fast as they could, a hollow light came from the object, engulfing the men and their canoe. The next thing the men knew, they were standing on the bank again. Charlie pointed his flashlight toward the object again, but this time it rose up and out of their view, as it showed it's beam once more before disappearing into the Allagash sky.
Wondering what had transpired, the men were shocked to see their once glowing fire to be nothing but smoldering ashes. This should have taken several hours, and the four friends wondered, "What happened to the last couple of hours?"
The men had only been on the lake for what appeared to be 20 minutes when in fact the giant fire they had started was completely out. Jack Weiner was the first to start having nightmares. In these dreams, he saw beings with long necks, and large heads. He saw the beings examining his arm, while Jim, Chuck, and Charlie sat on a nearby bench, not able to intervene. The beings had large metallic glowing eyes with no lids, and their hands were insect-like, with four fingers. The other three men were experiencing very similar dreams, with short, mental clips of that awful night on the lake. In 1988, out of curiosity, Jim Weiner attended a UFO conference hosted by Raymond Fowler.
Lets take a look at what the show Unsolved Mysteries put together about this case.
Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZZjzEkb8JI
Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ax2qbGzCCBo
I think these insect like Aliens may be the same which abducted these men from the Allagash Mountians of Maine.
Quote from: thorfourwinds on June 30, 2012, 09:47:32 PM
Greetings:
Now, this gets interesting.
Without going into personal reasons as to why this hits so close to home (chills down my back as I write this), I am extremely curious as to the specific ages.
Born in 1947, that would make those 'excursions' at ages 3 (1950), age 7 (1954), age 13 (1960).
Is there any relevance to those specific years to 'physical' age?
Or was this a special message to Mikado (a warning, perhaps) and I am truly confused/controlled/programmed?
This may be the rabbit hole that I have been searching for.
Thank you for your time, consideration and participation.
Peace Love Light
tfw
Liberty & Equality or Revolution
I could be wrong but I think they are coming back or something but it is connected with why I had the NDE and the voice I heard and the fact that I should be dead due to the situation.
Mikado
Quote from: Amaterasu on July 01, 2012, 12:16:56 AM
I guess I should rephrase: why are They so involved with Us that They do this. Why all this attention? (Why aren't They helping to solve Fukushima with all They have vested in Humanity?)
They imagined us, then they designed us, then they built us.
Then, like the other billion times a billion earths almost identical to ours with humans identical to us we were given a soul which is so big and so powerful that it needs thousands if not hundreds of thousands of years learning how to 'use' it.
That is why you will hear me say that the only thing important on earth is for you to live with integrity; and without envy, hate or greed and to express your love to your family each and every day. This is because in order to progress into how to 'use' our soul we have to get the basics down.
They don't want millions upon billions of souls roaming around this infinite universe spewing out hate, envy and greed. We have to get started on the right foot and for some it is easy and only takes thousands of years, for others it takes longer. Some will never make it and are shredded.
We humans, at this point in development, have no idea what a soul is much less how to use it. Some can't even believe that there is a soul in the first place.
So the ET's are helping us along by throwing challenges at us, all of us, each and every day, each and every hour and sometimes each and every minute. Challenges which we have to meet and solve gradually learning to do it without envy, hate or greed.
The grays, the little guys that pick us up in the middle of the night, are merely cybernetic organisms of incredible knowledge. But still essentially 'robots' they are built and given the task for the menial labor; abductions and so forth.
Our 'makers' stay in the background, far, far away but keep instantaneous tabs on each and every one of us. If we screw up we get more challenges. If we handle everything well, we get more challenges.
There are no coincidences. Each and every single solitary event is planned and was planned many thousands of years ago. Hiroshima, Fukashima, Chernobyl, Hitler, WW1, WW2 and so on.
We all have a part to play in these disasters. And our part is to meet our challenges without envy, hate or greed and with integrity. And to express our love to our family each and every day. Upstairs they all have unconditional love and they want to keep it that way.
Quote from: Mikado on July 01, 2012, 01:28:37 AM
I could be wrong but I think they are coming back or something but it is connected with why I had the NDE and the voice I heard and the fact that I should be dead due to the situation.
Mikado
Nobody is coming back because nobody left. We are under surveillance 24/7. Each and every one of us. And nobody can die. They can change meat sacks. But not die.
If someone tries suicide as a solution to their problems, their problems will double and triple for the next incarnation. There is no getting out.
Quote from: johnlear on July 01, 2012, 01:34:00 AM
We all have a part to play in these disasters. And our part is to meet our challenges without envy, hate or greed and with integrity. And to express our love to our family each and every day. Upstairs they all have unconditional love and they want to keep it that way.
So very difficult when dealing with what the endocrine system spews out.
I hear you. Each day, I will not do such and such, I will do it tomorrow. And then repeat.
Mikado
Quote from: johnlear on July 01, 2012, 01:38:22 AM
And nobody can die. They can change meat sacks. But not die.
If someone tries suicide as a solution to their problems, their problems will double and triple for the next incarnation. There is no getting out.
Sounds very Buddhist like there John :P
Thank You for the response, John. I have much to ponder.
Quote from: zorgon on June 30, 2012, 10:56:41 PM
I need more than an upgrade :P
Maybe you are thinking about "restoration", as that is about where I am!! :o
Quote from: ShotInTheDark on July 01, 2012, 01:10:38 AM
I think these insect like Aliens may be the same which abducted these men from the Allagash Mountians of Maine.
Certainly possible. There are billions of different types of aliens but only 10 or so hang out on earth for any length of time. There are hundreds, however, who just stop by for a sample.
Quote from: zorgon on July 01, 2012, 01:58:09 AM
Sounds very Buddhist like there John :P
Or 'Great Pumpkin' we have much the same beliefs.
Quote from: johnlear on July 01, 2012, 01:34:00 AM
Then, like the other billion times a billion earths almost identical to ours with humans identical to us we were given a soul which is so big and so powerful that it needs thousands if not hundreds of thousands of years learning how to 'use' it.
That is why you will hear me say that the only thing important on earth is for you to live with integrity; and without envy, hate or greed and to express your love to your family each and every day. This is because in order to progress into how to 'use' our soul we have to get the basics down.
They don't want millions upon billions of souls roaming around this infinite universe spewing out hate, envy and greed. We have to get started on the right foot and for some it is easy and only takes thousands of years, for others it takes longer. Some will never make it and are shredded.
We humans, at this point in development, have no idea what a soul is much less how to use it. Some can't even believe that there is a soul in the first place.
So the ET's are helping us along by throwing challenges at us, all of us, each and every day, each and every hour and sometimes each and every minute. Challenges which we have to meet and solve gradually learning to do it without envy, hate or greed.
The grays, the little guys that pick us up in the middle of the night, are merely cybernetic organisms of incredible knowledge. But still essentially 'robots' they are built and given the task for the menial labor; abductions and so forth.
Our 'makers' stay in the background, far, far away but keep instantaneous tabs on each and every one of us. If we screw up we get more challenges. If we handle everything well, we get more challenges.
There are no coincidences. Each and every single solitary event is planned and was planned many thousands of years ago. Hiroshima, Fukashima, Chernobyl, Hitler, WW1, WW2 and so on.
We all have a part to play in these disasters. And our part is to meet our challenges without envy, hate or greed and with integrity. And to express our love to our family each and every day. Upstairs they all have unconditional love and they want to keep it that way.
And... Quote;
QuoteNobody is coming back because nobody left. We are under surveillance 24/7. Each and every one of us. And nobody can die. They can change meat sacks. But not die.
If someone tries suicide as a solution to their problems, their problems will double and triple for the next incarnation. There is no getting out.
Love your description which I can also Guarantee...
Please accept
GOLD from me.
I enjoy your threads very, very much, even though I haven't made any comments before.