Water Wars

[ArMaP]

I see you are not able to understand my point of view.

And I'm not trying to start any thing, just posting my opinion, like everyone else.

[WhatTheHey]

   Well the post was actually about using ZeroWater to attain better quality drinking water not this pointless argument, but I hope this helps.......  "The arithmetic mean (or mean or average), x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} {\bar {x}} (read x {\displaystyle x} x bar), is the mean of the n {\displaystyle n} n values x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}} x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}.[2]

The arithmetic mean is the most commonly used and readily understood measure of central tendency in a data set. In statistics, the term average refers to any of the measures of central tendency. The arithmetic mean of a set of observed data is defined as being equal to the sum of the numerical values of each and every observation divided by the total number of observations. Symbolically, if we have a data set consisting of the values a 1 , a 2 , ... , a n {\displaystyle a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}} a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}, then the arithmetic mean A {\displaystyle A} A is defined by the formula:

    A = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i = a 1 + a 2 + ⋯ + a n n {\displaystyle A={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}={\frac {a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots +a_{n}}{n}}} {\displaystyle A={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}={\frac {a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots +a_{n}}{n}}}"   From Wikipedia  ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean

    In this case the mean calculation refers to the PPM or "hard water" numbers of the various and many different sources Ca. waters.  An average applies beautify in the information pertaining to a whole state and its overall PPM count.  Using averages allows for a summery of overall information to be applied.   One can not say that a states PPM water count is any one specific number when there are so many various numbers within the state as a whole.  Here it may be 122 PPM 30 miles away it may be 288 or whatever, neither having the same % of or types of contaminates.   Averages just like this are used in many application and are a very common tool in mathematics just for this reason.  As anyone can see this isn't a matter of opinion and is indeed a matter of mathematical data and information. 

  Have a nice day!

[zorgon]

BOTTLED WATER   is it SAFE?

Well now that depends
People tend to TRUST the water bottle companies   Back when I was doing alarms systems there was a construction warehouse. Equipment cans of gas and oil, pesticides, etc.

Off to the side was a dirty little building with an open tank filtration system. Outside was a pickup truck with trailer that held a 50 gallon plastic drum that said "Spring Water" ad the location.  The filtration system was getting source water from a city water supply copper pipe...

This operation bottles several local brands like Terrible herbst, vegas Valley, and a few others.



Just like those filling stations at stores that charge you 25 cents a gallon... they are hooked direct to the stores water supply... and I have NEVER seen anyone ever change the filter. (They might, but I have never seen then do it )

Safe Bottled Water Guide – Which Bottled Water Brands Are Safe?


Which bottled water brand is safe?

After I heard the news about microplastics found in almost all of bottled waters, I wanted to find a safe bottled water brand for me and my family. While researching, I realized that bottled water not only contains microplastics in it, but also plastic bottles can leach toxic chemicals such as endocrine disruptors into the water. Also , some bottled water brands source their water from municipal supply and their purification of this water makes water mineral-deficient. Many of these bottled waters are also acidic and take minerals out of our body. In addition, there is a possibility that spring or mineral water with high minerals are contaminated with harmful metals or viruses. I've been enjoying bottled water for a long time now but which brands are safe? In this post, I share with you my findings about bottled water brands and the brand that I chose.

BOTTLED WATER THAT IS NOT PACKAGED IN PLASTICS

MICROPLASTICS

In the study done by journalism organization Orb Media, 11 brands were tested  across nine countries for microplastics.  Brands include Aqua, Aquafina, Bisleri, Dasani, E-Pura, Evian, Gerolsteliner, Minaba, Nestle Pure and San Pellegrino.  93% of bottled water tested had microplastics. That means  almost all bottled water contained microplastics. Amount of microplastics found in the bottle differed even within the same brands.  Some bottles of Bisleri and E-Pura showed no micro plastics, however, when they were purchased elsewhere, they contained microplastics. Other brands were the same. While they contained small amount of microplastics when they were purchased at one location, large amount of microplastics were found when they were  purchased elsewhere. This could mean all bottled water has microplastics in the water. Even within same brands, some will contain it and some will not. We just don't know which bottles have it.

https://gonewmommy.com/2018/04/17/safe-bottled-water/

[zorgon]

PLASTICS LEACHING HARMFUL CHEMICALS (ANTIMONY, PHTHALATES, BISPHENOL A(BPA) OR BFLUORENE-9-BISPHENOL (BHPF)

Bottled water is packaged in plastic called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, this plastic material leaches harmful chemicals into the water. Leaching chemicals include antimony, phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA) or Bfluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF). These chemicals will be released more and faster if the water bottles are placed in a warm or hot temperature. Also, the longer water is stored in the bottle, the more chemicals will be leached. Unfortunately, most bottled water is packaged in plastics so it is hard to avoid this problem. If you don't want to drink bottled water, you can use filter for the tap water at home and filter water yourself. If you do drink bottled water, do not store in a warm, hot place for a long period of time. Another option is to buy bottled water packaged in glass or paper instead of plastic.

Bottled water that is packaged in glass or paper is as follows. (However, there are other factors to be considered other than packaging to choose safe bottled water so please read on!)

Water Packaged In Glass
Voss Artesian Sparkling Water
Mountain Valley Spring Water
Eska Water
Frank Water
Perrier
S. Pellegrino

Water Packaged In Paper
Boxed Water
Just Water
Rethink Water

Perrier Recalls Its Water in U.S. After Benzene Is Found in Bottles
By GEORGE JAMESFEB. 10, 1990

The company that made bottled mineral water chic is voluntarily recalling its entire inventory of Perrier from store shelves throughout the United States after tests showed the presence of the chemical benzene in a small sample of bottles.

The impurity was discovered in North Carolina by county officials who so prized the purity of Perrier that they used it as a standard in tests of other water supplies.

https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/10/us/perrier-recalls-its-water-in-us-after-benzene-is-found-in-bottles.html

BOTTLED WATER WITH A SAFE PH LEVEL

The neutral pH level of water is 7. Ideal pH of water should be between 6.5 ~ 8.5 which is close to the pH level our bodies naturally maintain. (7.35 to 7.45.) PH water that is too acidic or alkaline can damage our health. Some popular brands such as Dasani and Aquafina, have a pH of 5 which is too acidic.  Beverages such as Gatorade and Vitamin Water also have pH level that is too low, 3.5 and 3.4.

Here are some brands that fall into neutral pH range. If you want to find more about what water pH levels are and how acidic & alkaline water affect health, please read my previous post, Safe Bottled Water Guides: How Bottled Water Can Be Toxic.

Smart Water: 6.5, +296
Great Value (Walmart): 6.5, +380
Gerber Pure Water: 6.5, +297
Arrowhead: 6.83, +360
Evian: 7.0, +350
Volvic: 7.0
Zephyrhills: 7.5
Absopure: 7.5,+281
Fiji: 7.5, +274
Super Chill: 7.5, +2
Evamor: 8.071, +174
Real Water: 8.0, -60 (Negative ORP!)
Ice CanyonSpring water from CVS pharmacy: 7.5
Icelandic Spring water from Iceland: 8.0
Ice Mountain Natural Spring Water: 6.5,  +302
Frontier Springs: 6.5
Amway Perfect Water: 7.2, +250
San Pellegrino: 7.7
Mountain Valley Spring Water: 7.8
Eska Water: 7.8
Just Water: 8.0

* I have also put ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential) number after water's pH level. ORP measures the cleanliness of the water and its ability to break down contaminants. The higher the reading, the more oxidizing water is. I left it blank if I didn't have an ORP number available. (What is ORP?)

*San Pellegrino, Mountain Valley Spring Water, Eska Water and Just Water which are not packaged in plastic bottles, have pH level between 7 and 8. However, quality of water also depends on its source and treatment it receives.  I will talk about that next.

GOOD QUALITY BOTTLED WATER BASED ON SOURCE AND TREATMENT

Bottled water can be naturally sourced from glaciers, lakes and springs. It is also sourced from public water such as municipal supply. When water is sourced, it may or may not go through filtration or purifying process before getting bottled to remove contaminants or chemicals. Let's take a look at types of water based on its source and treatment. I have categorized bottled water as  following:  Water with natural minerals and water without natural minerals.

1. WATER WITH NATURAL MINERALS
MINERAL WATER

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration classifies mineral water as water coming from an underground source and containing at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. Minerals must come from the source and can not be added later. Mineral water could be natural spring water or artesian well water.

SPRING WATER

Spring water is surface water that come naturally from the ground of the earth. It is filtered naturally through layers of sand and rock formations as it moves through an underground aquifer which is contamination-free. It may or may not be filtered or purified artificially before getting bottled. According to U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA), spring water must be collected only at the spring or through a borehole that taps the underground formation feeding the spring. If water is collected through a borehole, it must have the same quality as water collected at the spring. If spring water goes through purification process, the water will be classified as purified water, not spring water. (Bottled Water Everywhere: Keeping it Safe).

Spring water contains natural minerals that are healthy for our body unlike tap water or treated water. Minerals such as calcium, lithium and magnesium are essential minerals we can get from water. On top of this healthy benefits, spring water doesn't have harmful chemicals that tap water contains. However, spring water can be contaminated from human or animal waste, storm water runoff, improperly treated septic and sewage discharges and wildlife. Groundwater may be pure but when the groundwater is on its way to the surface, it can become contaminated. The quality of spring water can be vary greatly depending on a spring.

Some spring water can be safe to drink without any treatment while some may have contaminants. Spring water is generally more pricier than other types of bottled water since it is rich in natural minerals that are healthy. (Spring water not as pure as you may think)

Examples of spring water includes as follows.

Evian – Derived from springs in France, naturally filtered
Icelandic – Spring water from Iceland, naturally filtered
Eternal – Filtered, treated spring water
Volvic – Filtered, treated spring water
Zephyrhills – Filtered, treated spring water
Absopure– Filtered, treated spring water
San Pellegrino – carbonated water derived from natural springs at the foothills of the Italian Alps near Bergamo (Lombardy)

https://gonewmommy.com/2018/04/17/safe-bottled-water/

Radioactive Spring

Back in Canada, hunting mineral specimens on an old Uranium Mine dump... there was a beautiful crystal clear spring on the hill. The "hill" was the old mine dump.  I saw a fellow rockhound go up to that spring and fill a canteen.  Walked over and said "What are you doing? You do realize that this is a Uranium Mine?"  He looked shocked at his stupidity and poured out that water.  A few months later the spring was sealed off.
So yeah just because it is a spring doesn't mean the source water is safe

[zorgon]

Spring Water I like

Evian: Evian mineral water is from French Alps where a natural filter developed over several ice ages. The water source is protected under a fortress of geological layers built up by glaciers 30,000 years ago, it slowly travels through a natural glacial sand filter. Water is bottled at the source and also samples are taken every day to ensure quality.

Mineral content of bottled water is one of the most important part of water quality.  Evian has the highest mineral content, lowest turbidity (how clear water is  the lower number the better), highest conductivity/ but Evian has the highest nitrite and nitrate contamination compared to other brands. Contamination found in Evian water is not health threatening to immune competent people. However, infants, children, elderly, cancer, transplant, HIV patients should not drink water with Nitrite or Nitrate. Evian also has the highest barium compared to other brands. However, nitrite, nitrate and barium Evian contain are all well under federal maximum contaminant level. (Heavy Metals detected  In Bottled Spring Water.) (A Guide To Healthy Drinking Water)

*You can get Evian Water in a glass bottle if you want to avoid plastic.

*Evian Water pH level: 7.0

ALTESIAN WELL WATER

Artesian well water is an underground water that doesn't rise to the surface naturally so it is collected from a well that taps an aquifer. Water is tapped by artesian pressure in the aquifer pushing water above the level of the aquifer.

Examples of Artesian Water is as follows.
Fiji Water – Derived from springs in Fiji, naturally filtered

Artesian Water I like

Fiji Water: Fiji Water comes from an artesian aquifer in Viti Levu of Fiji. The water slowly filters through layers of volcanic rock, slowly gathering the natural minerals and electrolytes. The water is bottled at the source.

Back in 2006, Fiji water had the highest arsenic level found in their water compared to other brands in the study conducted by the City of Cleveland. However, in the 2015 test of Fiji Water bottled in November 2014, there was no arsenic found above FDA limits. FDA limit is 10micrograms per litre where as arsenic level found in Fiji water was only 1.2 microgram per liter.

*There is no glass bottle version of Fiji Water at the moment.

*Fiji Water pH level: 7.5

WELL WATER

Well water is acquired by a hole drilled in to the ground to tap into an aquifer.

Voss – Well water from Norway
Evamor – Filtered well water
Perrier – Filtered, Carbonated water derived from wells

CARBONATED WATER

Carbonated water also known as sparkling water has  carbon dioxide added in the water. It may be treated beyond carbonation to purify the water to be safe. Some natural sparkling mineral waters which are sourced naturally from a mineral spring, may be carbonated as well. Some examples include Perrier and San Pellegrino and they contain natural minerals and sulphur in their water. Since carbon dioxide and water react chemically make carbonic acid, there is a concern that sparkling water can damage tooth enamel. However, studies show that only when sugar is added to the water, it can be damaging to enamel, not when you drink plain sparkling water. Therefore, avoid drinking sparkling water that is flavored with sugar.

Carbonated water examples are as follows.
Perrier – Filtered, carbonated water derived from wells
San Pellegrino – carbonated water derived from natural springs at the foothills of the Italian Alps near Bergamo (Lombardy) They have plain sparkling water as well as flavored beverage.


Carbonated Water I like

San Pellegrino: This water is not only packaged in a glass but also contains lots of minerals in the water. San Pellegrino water if from natural springs at San Pellegrino Terme, Bergamo, Italy. I only like their plain carbonate water, not the flavored beverages since sugar can damage tooth enamel.

San Pellegrino pH Level: 7.7

https://gonewmommy.com/2018/04/17/safe-bottled-water/

[zorgon]

FILTERED WATER

If the water is not bottled at the spring but is pumped into large tanker trucks to be transported to the bottling facility, water may get contaminated on the way. Therefore, filtration may be needed.  When water is filtered, minerals can be retained rather than being killed. Filtered water goes through carbon filters or a micron filters to remove chemicals, parasites, bacteria, etc. Filtration does not remove everything like purifying water does. Therefore, filtered water can still contain dissolved inorganic contaminants and heavy met

Ozonated water is basically water that has been ozonated.  Ozone gas is used to disinfect the water instead of chlorine. It can destroy bacteria, viruses, and odors. Oxygen we breathe in ever day is O2 which has 2 atoms of oxygen. Ozone has 3 atoms of oxygen bound together (O3). Many people believe ozonated water oxygenates and detoxes our body. Some believe ozonated water has healing and therapeutic properties. Some experts say it can stop the spreading of cancer.

On the other hand, some experts say there is no scientific proof that ozonated water is beneficial. Not only that, ozone can cause harm if used and consumed in the wrong way. Cancer Tutor, the cancer treatment resource website includes drinking ozonated water as a supplemental treatment for cancer. However, they say the container the purified or spring water is in, absolutely must be made of glass.  They said that ozone will tear apart a plastic container and you will end up drinking plastic. Also, ozone is an unstable form of oxygen and they don't last very long. It readily decays back to normal oxygen.  Cancer Tutor advised to drink ozonated water as soon as it is made because the ozone only lasts  about 10 minutes.

Whether ozonated water is beneficial to our health or not, if ozone will tear apart a plastic container and I end up drinking plastics, that is not what I want to drink.

(Drinking Ozonated Water -What Is It and How Is It Made?)

(Ozonated Water: Supplemental Treatment For Cancer)

Here are some examples of ozonated water.
Dasani – Filtered, RO, minerals added and ozonated
Great Value Walmart – Filtered, RO, minerals added and ozonated
Ice Mountain – Demineralized, filtered and ozonated

2. WATER WITHOUT NATURAL MINERALS – PURIFIED WATER

Purified water can come from any water sources such as tap water or spring water. It is purified to remove any chemicals or contaminants. When water is purified, water impurities must be removed to extremely low levels. Filtered water is not same as purified water. Purified water has less impurities than filtered water. While purified water removes all of the impurities in water, it also kills healthy minerals that our body needs. For this reason, I didn't choose any of the purified water as my choice. Purified water includes water that is refined in one of following ways: distillation, reverse osmosis or deionization.

DISTILLED WATER – PURIFIED WATER

Distillation is different from other demineralization process such as reverse osmosis or deionization.  In the distillation process, water is boiled and condensed steam is collected. Any impurities or contaminants are left behind, however, so do minerals. S

Deer Park – Derived from springs and distilled city water
Poland Springs – Derived from springs and distilled water
Function – Distilled with minerals added
Smart water – Filtered, distilled and remineralized
Arrowhead – Derived from springs and distilled city water

REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER – PURIFIED WATER

Reverse Osmosis is a commonly used way of purifying water. According to Dr.Lawrence Wilson from L.D. Wilson Consultants, Inc., reverse osmosis makes an extremely mineral-deficient water.  He  warned that drinking mineral-deficient water such as distilled, reverse osmosis or demineralized water for  a few months will bring minerals out of the body. Therefore, many bottled water that used any of purifying  method such as reverse osmosis, distillation or demineralization is not good for your heath. (Reverse Osmosis Water – A Poor Product)
(Differences Between Drinking Water And Distilled Water)

Examples of reverse osmosis (RO) water are as follows.
Dasani – Filtered, RO, minerals added and ozonated
Great Value Walmart – Filtered, RO, minerals added and ozonated
Essentia – RO filtered, minerals added, ionized water

DEIONIZED WATER – PURIFIED WATER

Deionizing water uses ion exchange resins to remove ionized salts from the water.  Often, a term, demineralization is used interchangeably with deionization. However, deionizing water removes ionized salts and demineralization removes minerals from water. Deionized water still lacks minerals that our body needs. Therefore, long term drinking of deionized water can lead to organ damage even if minerals are coming from one's diet. (Is It Safe To Drink Deionized Water?)

DEMINERALIZED WATER

Demineralized water goes through various filtration and chemical treatment to remove minerals and impurities. It is obtained through reverse osmosis, distillation or deionization of the water. This type of water is often used at lab when dissolved minerals can alter results.  Often, in order to get the final product with certain quality, the water will undergo several stages such as distillation, filtration, reverse osmosis.  According to World Health Organization (WHO), drinking demineralized or low mineral water has a negative health effects on us. According to their report, drinking demineralized or low mineral water not only results low intake of essential minerals our body needs such as calcium, magnesium and essential elements but also causes loss of essential minerals and elements in prepared food. It also possibly increases dietary intake of toxic metals. In addition, it has direct effect on the intestinal mucous membrane metabolism and mineral homeostasis or other body functions.
(Health Risks From Drinking Demineralized Water)

(Difference Between Purified Water and Demineralized Water)

(Health Risks From Drinking Demineralized Water)

Here are some examples of demineralized water.

Vitamin Water – Demineralized with minerals and flavors added
Propel Zero- Gatorade – Demineralized with minerals and flavours added
Ice Mountain – Demineralized, filtered and ozonated
Gerber Pure Water – Demineralized with minerals added

FINAL THOUGHTS

Spring water has lots of healthy minerals that are good for our health, however, they can get contaminated and contain heavy metals, viruses, bacterias since the water is not purified or treated. Water from some springs are safe without treatment, however, we, the consumers won't know that for sure unless we see the test results of water especially after bottling process has been done. Purified water, on the other hand, has very low impurities and the water is very safe to drink. However, purified water filtering and purifying process such as reverses osmosis, distillation, deionization kill healthy minerals water contains. When we drink demineralized  or low mineral water for some time, water will leach minerals from our body. In addition, almost all bottled water has microplastics in water which we end up ingesting while drinking water. On top of that, almost all bottled water is packaged in plastic bottles which can leach harmful chemicals into the water. There are just too many uncertainties involved with bottled water that I can not conclude bottled water in general is absolutely safe. However, I would still liked to continue drinking bottled water for now until I find a better solution. Therefore, between all of these bottled water, I choose natural spring water such as Evian water, Fiji water, Icelandic and carbonated water such as San Pellegrino as a bottled water choice for me and my family. I will not just choose one brand but I will rotate between these four brands.

https://gonewmommy.com/2018/04/17/safe-bottled-water/

[Shasta56]

When I was living in Oklahoma, our water came from Oolagah Reservoir.  The town of Alluwe was moved, when the reservoir was constructed.  Alluwe still had producing wells that weren't capped.  We had oil slicks floating on our tap water.  At least it never caught fire.

[WhatTheHey]

When I was living in Oklahoma, our water came from Oolagah Reservoir.  The town of Alluwe was moved, when the reservoir was constructed.  Alluwe still had producing wells that weren't capped.  We had oil slicks floating on our tap water.  At least it never caught fire.

   Ewwwwww!    That must have put a damper on drinking water out of the tap.   Was any effort ever made to cap the wells?   They supposedly permanently capped the well in the gulf.   Maybe they can do that there.   I imagine money may stop things short, or lack of it.  Smaller towns and cities probably wouldn't get assistance from the gov. either.   What a bummer.

BOTTLED WATER   is it SAFE?
Off to the side was a dirty little building with an open tank filtration system. Outside was a pickup truck with trailer that held a 50 gallon plastic drum that said "Spring Water" ad the location.  The filtration system was getting source water from a city water supply copper pipe...

   I believe I remember something about another Co. using tap water basically and selling it as spring water or something.  I think its happened more then this 1 time too.   I'll go look!    Here is something I had not seen and is somewhat of a surprise.  http://www.trueactivist.com/pepsi-admits-that-its-aquafina-bottled-water-is-just-tap-water-coca-colas-dasani-is-next/

   Pepsi is a big Co. too bad we can't trust them either.  Dang now I'm wondering whats in Pepsi!    Isn't it a wonderful world!    Have a nice cold one,,,,,,,or don't!!!!!!!!!!!    lol 
  Oh man, whats next!  Are they going to start bottling reclaimed wastewater and telling us it's FRESH CLEAN GREAT TASTING WATER FROM A NATURAL SOURCE.   They'll say it's a natural source because it is part of the environment. LOL
   So a good filter is a must! And don't forget to filter your bottled water as well.    LOL  Oh man!   

[space otter]

Oh man, whats next!  Are they going to start bottling reclaimed wastewater and telling us it's FRESH CLEAN GREAT TASTING WATER FROM A NATURAL SOURCE. 

YEP..already happening

The use of recycled water for drinking, however, is less common, largely because many people are repelled by the thought of water that's been in our toilets going to our taps. But a few countries like Singapore, Australia and Namibia, and states such as California, Virginia and New Mexico are already drinking recycled water, demonstrating that purified wastewater can be safe and clean, and help ease water shortages.

https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/04/04/from-wastewater-to-drinking-water/

[zorgon]

Toronto  1970's Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant

Toronto sits on Lake Ontario... that is the water supply for the city. Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant

The Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant is the city of Toronto's main sewage treatment facility, and the second largest such plant in Canada after Montreal's Jean-R. Marcotte facility. One of four plants that service the city of Toronto, it treats the wastewater produced by some 1.4 million of the city's residents and has a capacity of 818,000 cubic metres per day. Until 1999 it was officially known as the Main Treatment Plant. The plant has a 185 m (607 ft) high smokestack which is visible from most parts of the city.

The plant opened in 1910. Prior to this, Toronto's sewage flowed directly into Lake Ontario and a layer of thick sludge covered the lake to a distance of several hundred feet from shore. The lake was also the source of the city's drinking water and the pollution contributed to a major typhoid outbreak.

The plant is located on the shore of Lake Ontario at the foot of Leslie Street at Ashbridge's Bay. To the west is the Port Lands area, a once heavily industrial area that is now mostly deserted. To the north is the Leslieville neighbourhood. When the plant was built, it was on the eastern edge of the city, far away from most residents. It is now surrounded by residential areas and strenuous efforts have been made to reduce odours and pollution. Most notable was the shuttering of the plant's incinerators in 1987. An odour control study was completed in 2002 and, beginning in 2002, the area around the plant was also redesigned into a large landscaped park. In 2005, a contract was awarded to design and construct a new odour control system.

Until recently, all the sludge has been trucked off site. However, summer 2007 saw odour problems, with the Michigan landfill closed and the city removing only 6 of every 10 truckloads of sludge produced, leaving the rest in an aeration slough until autumn when agricultural applications for sludge resumed.

Back in the 70's the park around the plant was used for swimming and boating... Back then when it rained heavily, which it did regularly in Toronto the plant would over flow and dump raw sewage into the lake, right where people were swimming and boating. Many times I saw floating turds as we had to sail through that mess to get to open waters

So yeah Toronto been drinking recycles tap water for years

[zorgon]

I see you are not able to understand my point of view.

We understand your point of view. Your problem is that you find it difficult to think in terms of generality.  When someone mentions xxx PPM in water, it is usually considered PPM of BAD stuff... we generally don't worry about the good stuff in water (like minerals)

Sure each specific region has it's own issues, but if we don't generalize, that would require detailed lists of everyones water source Since MOST water sources around the world are contaminated these days, one can generalize in conversation and leave it to the viewer to check specifics for their own region

[WhatTheHey]

Toronto  1970's Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant

Toronto sits on Lake Ontario... that is the water supply for the city. Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant

Back in the 70's the park around the plant was used for swimming and boating... Back then when it rained heavily, which it did regularly in Toronto the plant would over flow and dump raw sewage into the lake, right where people were swimming and boating. Many times I saw floating turds as we had to sail through that mess to get to open waters

So yeah Toronto been drinking recycles tap water for years

Oh man, that brings new meaning to"WE DIDN'T CATCH CHIT" When you actually could have!     Where I grew up learning to surf where the San Gabriel River meets the sea, it would be about the same condition after a big storm.  Oh my, everything from turds to trash of all kinds.  Including, occasionally a very large objects like trees and telephone poles.      Yep we had to surf around stuff coming out with the river.  Some surfers got hurt occasionally as you can guess.  But when the storms where cranking, often there were big waves to be had too, so out we'd go!

  Thanks Zog! 

YEP..already happening
https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/04/04/from-wastewater-to-drinking-water/

Thanks for the link Otter!  If only we could find a way of knowing if what these Co.s and Water Service System people tell us is truth.  It's kind of a pain having to go investigating all this stuff.  But I guess that's all we can do! Unless people change in a honorable way were stuck like this.  Ouchy!    Hopefully it really is safe for people to consume.  Thanks again Otter.

[thorfourwinds]

Thank you everyone for the amazing response and information!

This is what Pegasus is really about...

With great respect
thorfourwinds/rabunopsec
Peace Love Light
Hec'el oinipikte (That we may live)
Mni Wiconi, (Water Is Life)
Pidamiyapi (Thank You in Lakota)

[ArMaP]

We understand your point of view.

The answers I got show me nobody is understanding it, so I will stop derailing the thread.

[ArMaP]

Back on topic, I rarely drink bottled water, and a look at the results of the latest tests on our drinking water show me a pH between 6.8 and 7.3.

One thing I didn't know they measure is radiation, with measurements of alpha and beta particles and radon. All the results for those are below the detection levels, so the water I drink is not radioactive.

PS: the water for this city comes from underground, with sources at depths from 92 to 512 metres (301 to 1680 feet for those that do not use the International System).